UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 
THE  UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM 
PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  BABYLONIAN  SECTION 
VOL.  XI  No.  I 


LISTS  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES  FROM 
THE  TEMPLE  SCHOOL  OF  NIPPUR 


A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 

BY 

EDWARD  CHIERA 


PHILADELPHIA 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM 

1916 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Getty  Research  Institute 


https://archive.org/details/listsofpersonaln01chie 


UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 


THE  UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM 
PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  BABYLONIAN  SECTION 

Vol.  XI  No.  I 


LISTS  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES  FROM 
THE  TEMPLE  SCHOOL  OF  NIPPUR 


A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 

BY 

EDWARD  CHIERA 


PHILADELPHIA 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM 


1916 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


PAGE 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  AND  ABBREVIATIONS 7 

PREFACE 11 

INTRODUCTION 13 

Survey  of  the  Field 13 

Provenance  of  the  Documents 16 

Age  of  the  Documents 17 

Names  of  the  Scribes 18 

Colophons 19 

Division  of  the  Lines 20 

The  Use  of  the  So-called  Determinative  . . . 21 

The  Scribal  Errors 22 

THE  SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 24 

Reconstruction 24 

Scribal  Glosses  and  Translations 27 

The  Grouping  of  the  Names 29 

Relation  of  the  Names  in  Each  Group 31 

Relation  of  the  Groups  to  One  Another 33 

Purpose  of  the  Syllabary 35 

The  Variants 35 

The  Names  of  the  Gods 38 

(5) 


6 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

THE  SCHOOL  TEXTS 41 

I.  The  Typical  School  Exercises 41 

IE  The  Round  Tablets 45 

III.  The  Model  Texts 46 

IV.  The  Irregular  Texts 47 

TRANSLITERATIONS  AND  TRANSLATIONS 49 

Eirst  Tablet  of  the  Syllabary 49 

Additional  E'ragments  of  the  First  Tablet  of 

the  Syllabary 71 

Second  Tablet  of  the  Syllabary 71 

Other  Fragments  of  the  Second  Tablet 78 

Fragments  Which  May  Belong  to  Either  of 

the  Two  Tablets 79 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  TABLETS 80 

DUPLICATES  NOT  PUBLISHED 86 

NUMBERS  OF  THE  CATALOGUE  OF  THE  BABY- 
LONIAN SECTION 88 

AUTOGRAPH  PLATES PL  I-XXXIII 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  REPRODUCTIONS. ,P1.  XXXIY-XXXVII 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  AND  ABBREVIATIONS 


AJSL 

ADD 

BA 

BAD 


BB 

BC 

BE 

BL 

BM 

Br 

CB 


CBS 


CPN 

CT 

DP 

DSG1 

DSGr 

DTA 

GT 

GTD 

JA 

JAOS 


American  Journal  of  Semitic  Languages  and  Literatures. 

C.  H.  W.  Johns:  Assyrian  Deeds  and  Documents  (3  vols.). 
Beitrage  { ur  Assyriologie. 

G.  A.  Barton:  Sumerian  Business  and  Administrative  Docu- 

ments from  the  Earliest  Times  to  the  Dynasty  of  Agade 
(UMBS,  Vol.  IX,  No.  1),  Philadelphia,  1915. 

A.  Ungnad : Bahylonische  Brief e aus  der  Zeit  der  Hammurapi- 
Dynastie  (Vorderasiatische  Bibliothek),  Leipzig,  1914. 

C.  Bezold:  Catalogue  of  the  Cuneiform  Tablets  in  the  Kouyun- 
jik  Collection  in  the  British  Museum  (5  vols.). 

Babylonian  Expedition  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
Series  A. 

A.  Ungnad:  Babylonian  Letters  of  the  Hammurapi  Period 
(UMBS,  Vol.  VII),  Philadelphia,  1915. 

British  Museum. 

R.  E.  Brunnow:  A Classified  List  of  Cuneiform  Ideographs, 
Leyden,  1887. 

C.  E.  Keyser:  Cuneiform  Bullae  of  the  Third  Millennium  B.  C. 
(Bab.  Records  in  the  Library  of  J.  P.  Morgan,  Pt.  Ill), 
New  York,  1914. 

Catalogue  of  the  Babylonian  Section.  All  tablets  here  quoted 
belong  to  the  First  Dynasty  of  Babylon  and  will  be 
published  by  me  in  Vol.  VIII,  No.  2,  of  the  present  Series. 
A.  T.  Clay:  Personal  Names  of  the  Cassite  Period  (Yale  Or. 

Series,  Vol.  1),  New  Haven,  1912. 

Cuneiform  Texts  from  Babylonian  Tablets  inthe  British  Museum. 
Allotte  de  la  Fuie:  Documents  Presargoniques,  1908-12. 

F.  Delitzsch:  Sumerisches  Glossar,  Leipzig,  1914. 

F.  Delitzsch:  Sumerische  Grammatik,  Leipzig,  1914. 

A.  T.  Clay:  Documents  from  the  Temple  Archives  of  Nippur 
(UMBS,  Vol.  II,  Nos.  1 and  2),  Philadelphia,  1913. 

A.  Poebel:  Grammatical  Texts  (UMBS,  Vol.  VI,  No.  1), 
Philadelphia,  1914. 

H.  de  Genouillac:  Tablettes  de  Drehem,  Paris,  191 1 . 

Journal  Asiatique. 

Journal  of  the  American  Oriental  Society. 

(7) 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Jast  row,  Rel. 


|RAS 

HAV 

HGT 

HLC 


HPN 


HT 

In 


In  I 
In  II 

In  111 
In  IV 
LAD 


LBD 


LC 

LTD 

MA  HIVB 


Man 

MAP 


MDP 

Nic 


OBTR 

OLZ 

PB 


M.  Jastrow,  Jr.:  Die  Religion  Babyloniens  nnd  Assyriens 
( 2 vols.),  Leipzig,  1905-12. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society. 

Hilprecht  Anniversary  Volume,  1909. 

A.  Poebel:  Historical  and  Grammatical  Texts  (UMBS,  Vol.  V), 
Philadelphia,  1914. 

G.  A.  Barton:  Haverford  Library  Collection  of  Cuneiform 

Tablets,  or  Documents  from  the  Temple  Archives  of  Telloh 
(3  parts),  Philadelphia,  1905-14. 

E.  Huber:  Die  Personennamen  in  den  Keilschrifturkunden 
aus  der  Zeit  der  Konige  von  Ur  und  Nisin  (Assyr.  Biblio- 
thek,  Vol.  XXI),  Leipzig,  1907. 

A.  Poebel:  Historical  Texts  (UMBS,  Vol.  IV,  No.  1),  Phila- 
delphia, 1914. 

Inventaire  des  Tablettes  de  Tello  Conservees  au  Mus'ee  Imperial 
Ottoman  (Mission  Fran^aise  de  Chaldee).  Divided: 

F.  Thureau-Dangin:  Textes  de  /’ Epoque  d' Agade,  Paris,  1910. 

H.  de  Genouillac:  Textes  de  f Epoque  d’ Agade  et  de  l’ Epoque 

d’ Ur,  Paris,  1911. 

H.  de  Genouillac:  Textes  de  f Epoque  d’ Ur,  Paris,  1912. 

L.  Delaporte:  Textes  de  /’ Epoque  d’ Ur,  Paris,  1912. 

E.  Chiera:  Legal  and  Administrative  Documents  from  N ippur, 

chiefly  from  the  Dynasties  of  I sin  and  Larsa  (UMBS,  Vol. 
VIII,  No.  1),  Philadelphia,  1914. 

A.  Poebel:  Babylonian  Legal  and  Business  Documents  from 

the  Time  of  the  First  Dynasty  of  Babylon,  chiefly  from 
Nippur  (BE,  Vol.  VI,  Pt.  2),  Philadelphia,  1907. 

F.  Thureau-Dangin:  Letlres  et  Contracts  de  l’ Epoque  de  la 

Premiere  Dynastie  Babylonienne,  Paris,  1910. 

S.  Langdon:  Tablets  from  the  Archives  of  Drehem,  Paris,  1911. 
W.  Muss  Arnold:  A Concise  Dictionary  of  the  Assyrian 
Language,  Berlin,  1905. 

Obelisque  de  Manistusu,  published  by  Scheil  in  MDP,  Vol.  II. 

B.  Meissner:  Beitrdge  { um  Altbabylonisches  Privatrecht  (Assyr. 

Biblothek,  Vol.  XI),  Leipzig,  1893. 

Delegation  en  Perse.  Memoires. 

M.  V.  Nikolskji:  The  Most  Ancient  Documents  of  the  Chal- 
dean Epoc  (in  Russian),  Petrograd,  1908. 

R.  J.  Lau:  Old  Babylonian  Temple  Records,  New  York,  1906. 
Orientalistische  Liter atur-Zeitung. 

A.  Deimel:  Pantheon  Babylonicum  (Scripta  Pontificii  Instituti 
Biblici),  Romae,  1914. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


9 


Pt.  I I,  \ 

Pt.  Ill/ 

PS  BA 

IR,I1R,  IIIRl 
IVR,  VR/ 
RA 
RPN 


RT 

RTCh 

RTllh 

SAD 


SAI 

SAK 

ST  1 


ST  11 


TC 


TD 

TRU 

TSA 

UMBS 

VS 

ZA 


The  two  following  parts  of  the  present  volume. 

Proceedings  of  the  Society  of  Biblical  Archaeology . 

H.  Rawlison:  The  Cuneiform  Inscriptions  of  IVestern  Asia 
(Vol.  I-V). 

Revue  d' Assyriologie  et  d’Archeologie  Orientate. 

H.  Ranke:  Early  Babylonian  Personal  hi ames,  from  the  Pub- 
lished Tablets  of  the  so-called  Hammurabi  Dynasty  (BE, 
Series  D,  Vol.  Ill),  Philadelphia,  1905. 

Recueil  de  Travaux  Relatifs  a 1’ Assyriologie  et  a l’  Archeologie 
Orientate. 

F.  Thureau-Dangin:  Recueil  de  Tablettes  Chaldeennes,  Paris, 

1903. 

G.  Reisner:  Tempelurkunden  aus  Telloh  (Mitt,  aus  den  Orient. 

Sammlungen,  Heft  XVI),  Berlin,  1901. 

D.  W.  Myhrman:  Sumerian  Administrative  Documents  from 
the  Second  Dynasty  of  Ur  (BE,  Vol.  Ill,  Pt.  I),  Philadel- 
phia, 1910. 

B.  Meissner:  Seltene  Assyrische  Ideogramme,  Leipzig,  1909. 

F.  Thureau-Dangin:  Die  Sumerischen  und  Akkadischen 
Konigsinschriften,  Leipzig,  1907. 

M.  I.  Hussey:  Sumerian  Tablets  in  the  Harvard  Semitic 
Museum,  chiefly  from  the  Reigns  of  Lugalanda  and  Uruka- 
gina  of  Lagash  (Harvard  Sem.  Series,  Vol.  Ill),  Cam- 
bridge, 1912. 

M.  1.  Hussey:  Sumerian  Tablets  in  the  Harvard  Semitic 
Museum  from  the  Time  of  the  Dynasty  of  Ur  (Harvard 
Sem.  Series,  Vol.  IV),  Cambridge,  1915. 

L.  Legrain:  Tablettes  de  Comptabilite,  etc.,  de  I'Epoque  de  la 
Dynastie  d’Agade  (Memoires  de  la  Mission  Archeologique 
de  la  Susiane,  Vol.  XIV),  Paris,  1913. 

H.  de  Genouillac:  La  Trouvaille  de  Drehem,  Paris,  191 1. 

L.  Legrain:  Les  Temps  des  Rois  d’Ur  (Bibl.  de  l’Ecole  des 
Hautes  Etudes,  Vol.  99),  Paris,  1912. 

H.  de  Genouillac:  Tablettes  Sumeriennes  Archaiques,  Paris, 
1909. 

Univ.  of  Pennsylvania.  The  Museum.  Publications  of  the 
Babylonian  Section  (Present  Series). 

Vorderasiatische  Schriftdenkmaler  der  Koniglichen  Museen  \u 
Berlin. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Assyriologie. 


PREFACE 


The  tablets  which  are  published  in  this  volume  have  been 
collected  by  me  out  of  all  the  classified  and  unclassified  material 
forming  part  of  the  collections  of  the  University  Museum  which 
are  now  available  to  students. 

When  I was  planning  my  work,  it  was  my  intention  to 
publish  all  the  tablets  in  a single  volume.  It  became  soon 
apparent,  however,  that  the  number  of  texts  was  too  large  for  a 
single  book,  and  that  it  was  necessary  to  divide  it.  Fortunately, 
there  was  no  uncertainty  as  to  how  the  work  was  to  be  divided, 
since  the  texts  themselves  naturally  fall  together  into  three 
distinct  groups:  (i)  The  Syllabary  of  Personal  Names,  which 
is  here  presented  and  the  special  characteristics  of  which  are 
discussed  in  Chapter  II.  (2)  The  Lists  of  Akkadian  Personal 
Names  (Pt.  II),  to  which  has  been  added  a long  list  of  Amoritic, 
or  West-Semitic,  names.  (3)  The  Lists  of  Sumerian  Personal 
Names  (Pt.  Ill),  which  will  also  contain  in  appendix  six  tablets 
from  Yokha,  partly  written  in  Akkadian. 

Both  groups  of  lists  will  be  discussed  in  detail  in  the  intro- 
ductory chapters  of  Pts.  II  and  III.  Complete  dictionaries 
of  Nominal  and  Verbal  Elements,  both  Akkadian  and  Sumerian, 
will  be  found  in  Pts.  II  and  III  respectively.  The  latter  part 
will  also  embody  an  alphabetical  list  of  all  names  found  in  the 
volume.  A general  idea  of  the  contents  of  the  following  two 
parts  may  be  gathered  from  the  lists  which  have  been  published 
in  this  book,  since  they  were  written  either  on  the  obverse 
or  on  the  reverse  tablets  which  rightly  belonged  there.  For 


12 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Akkadian  names  cf.  19,  20,  22,  38,  47;  for  Sumerian  names, 
3,  26,  53,  60. 

It  is  a pleasant  duty  for  me  to  thank  Prof.  Morris  Jastrow, 
Jr.,  to  whom  this  volume  has  been  dedicated,  for  having  read 
the  present  part  in  manuscript,  and  having  offered  to  me  many 
valuable  suggestions.  I am  also  indebted  to  my  former  teacher, 
Prof.  A.  T.  Clay,  for  having  permitted  me  to  include  in  this 
volume  about  twenty  tablets  which  had  been  assigned  to  him 
for  publication.  These  will  appear  in  Pts.  1 1 and  III. 

Lastly,  I wish  to  express  my  gratitude  to  Dr.  G.  B.  Gordon, 
the  Director  of  the  Museum,  for  his  help  in  the  preparation  of 
this  work.  But  for  him,  this  volume  could  never  have  appeared 
in  its  present  complete  form. 

Edward  Chiera. 

Philadelphia,  January  1,  1916. 


INTRODUCTION 


Survey  of  the  Field 

Within  the  last  few  years  great  emphasis  has  been  placed 
on  the  study  of  Semitic  personal  names.  Their  contribution 
to  the  knowledge  of  the  Semitic  languages,  and  especially  to  a 
proper  understanding  of  the  prevailing  religious  ideas  and 
beliefs,  has  been  well  pointed  out  by  several  scholars.1  As  a 
result  of  this  study  in  the  Assyro-Babylonian  field,  have  appeared 
several  important  works,  in  which  the  names  of  the  different 
historical  periods  have  been  collected,  translated  and  commented. 

In  the  Sumerian  field,  we  are  fortunate  in  having  the 
standard  work  of  Huber:  Die  Personennamen  in  den  Keilschrift- 
urkunden  aus  der  Zeit  der  Konige  von  Ur  und  Nisin  (Leipzig, 
1905),  and  a very  important  dissertation  by  A.  Poebel:  Die 
Sumerischen  Personennamen  %ur  Zeit  der  Dynastie  von  Larsam 
und  der  ersten  Dynastie  von  Babylon  (Breslau,  1910)  which, 
probably  because  of  its  small  size,  does  not  appear  to  have 
received  all  the  attention  it  properly  deserves. 

For  the  period  of  the  First  Dynasty,  we  are  chiefly  indebted 
to  H.  Ranke,  who  first  published  a dissertation  on  Die  Per- 
sonennamen in  den  Urkunden  der  Hammurabi- Dynastie  (Munich, 
1902),  and  afterwards  enlarged  it  into  a volume  called  Early 
Babylonian  Personal  Names,  from  the  Published  Tablets  of  the 

1 Cf.  especially  the  important  work  of  C.  H.  W.  Johns  on  The  Religions  Significance  of 
Semitic  Proper  Names  (The  Bohlen  Lectures  for  1910,  Cambridge,  1912),  which  deals  especially 
with  Babylonian  and  Assyrian  personal  names;  the  Introductions  to  the  works  of  Ranke  and 
Huber,  and  an  article  of  G.  A.  Barton:  Religious  Conceptions  Underlying  Sumerian  Proper 
Names,  in  the  AJSL,  XXXIV  (1915),  pp.  316-20. 

(13) 


14 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


so-called  Hammurabi-Dynasty  (BE,  Series  D,  Vol.  Ill,  Philadel- 
phia, 1905). 

My  former  teacher,  Prof.  A.  T.  Clay,  with  his  volume 
Personal  Names  from  Cuneiform  Inscriptions  of  the  Cassite 
Period  (Yale  Oriental  Series,  Vol.  I,  New  Haven,  1912),  has 
admirably  covered  a period  which  had  hitherto  been  neglected. 

Coming  to  more  recent  periods,  it  is  only  necessary  to 
mention  the  well-known  work  of  K.  L.  Tallqvist:  Neubaby- 
lonisches  Namenbuch  pit  den  Geschdftsurkunden  aus  der  Zeit  des 
Samassumukin  bis  Xerxes  (Helsingfors,  1905),  and  another 
volume  of  the  same  author:  Assyrian  Personal  Names  (Leipzig, 
19'd)-1 

In  a more  restricted  field,  we  have  also  other  important 
contributions.  In  the  year  1897  M.  V.  Scheil  published  an 
article  entitled:  Listes  Onomastiques  Redigees  d'apres  les  Textes 
de  Sargani,  et  de  la  Deuxieme  Dynastie  d’Ur  (ZA,  12,  pp.  331- 
47).  He  collected  there  about  five  hundred  names,  written  in 
the  original  cuneiform  characters,  and  accompanied  them  with 
an  introduction,  dealing  with  the  importance  of  the  study  of 
the  personal  names.  J.  Hoschander  wrote  a very  important 
dissertation  on  Die  Personennamen  auf  dem  Obelisk  des  Manis- 
tnsu,  of  which  the  first  part  only  has  unfortunately  been  pub- 
lished in  ZA,  20  (1907),  pp.  246ft'.  P.  Dhorme  in  two  articles: 
Les  plus  Anciens  Noms  de  Per sonnes  d Lagash  (ZA,  22,  pp. 
284-316)  and  Les  Noms  Propres  Babyloniens  a YEpoque  de 
Sargon  V Ancien  et  de  N ardm-Sin  (BA,  6,  Heft  3 [1907]),  collects 
and  translates  a large  number  of  names.  Lastly,  A.  Ungnad,  in 
Die  Eigennamen  der  Dilbater  Urkunden  (BA,  6,  Heft  5 [1909]), 
presents  a very  good  study  of  old  Babylonian  personal  names. 

1 Owing  to  the  present  conditions,  it  has  been  impossible  for  me  to  obtain  a copy  of  this 
work.  This  will  explain  why  the  book  has  not  been  quoted  in  the  body  of  the  volume. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


15 


In  addition  to  these,  the  editors  of  Cuneiform  Documents, 
especially  in  the  case  of  letters  or  business  documents,  have 
generally  added  a list  of  all  the  personal  names  contained  in 
them.  This  commendable  practice,  besides  rendering  much 
quicker  and  simpler  the  work  of  collecting  such  names,  is  also 
a tribute  paid  to  the  importance  of  their  study.  A great 
amount  of  ingenuity  and  erudition  has  thus  already  been  devoted 
to  this  special  field;  this  book,  however,  does  not  need  an 
apology  for  its  existence.  Up  to  the  present,  the  scholars  who 
have  been  working  on  the  personal  names  have  been  obliged 
to  gather  them  out  of  the  existing  literature,  and  especially 
from  the  letters  and  the  business  documents.  Such  work  was 
subject  to  a very  great  handicap.  As  we  all  know,  in  the  original 
texts  proper  names  are  mixed,  without  regard  to  language  or 
meaning.  We  are  not  surprised  to  find  on  the  same  tablet 
names  written  in  Akkadian,  Sumerian,  or  even  in  foreign 
languages.  While  in  most  of  the  cases  there  is  no  difficulty  in 
dividing  the  Sumerian  from  the  Akkadian  names,  and  the 
Akkadian  from  the  Amoritic,  still  in  many  instances  such 
classification  is  difficult,  and  sometimes  impossible. 

The  documents  published  in  this  volume  will  permit  us  to 
make  a further  step  in  the  study  of  personal  names,  since  they 
give  us  such  names  as  had  already  been  classified  by  the  old  Baby- 
lonian scribes.  The  scheme  of  classification  differs,  but  in  every 
tablet  we  find  either  lists  or  groups  of  names  of  the  same 
language.1  What  an  advantage  this  is,  can  only  be  determined 
after  a careful  study  of  all  the  names..  But  Pt.  1 of  this  volume 
carries  us  even  a step  further:  besides  giving  us  groups  of  names 
of  the  same  language,  it  also  classifies  together  names  which 
are  related  to  each  other  in  meaning  or  formation.2 


1 Cf.  discussion  on  p.  32. 

2 Cf.  discussion  on  p.  3 1 f. 


16 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Provenance  of  the  Documents 

All  the  tablets  here  published1  belong  to  the  Temple  School 
of  Nippur.  We  have  here,  therefore,  the  work  of  the  pupils  of 
a school  which  had  been  attached  to  an  old  Babylonian  temple. 
Such  texts  are  well  known,  since  the  library  of  Assurbanipal 
contained  a good  number  of  them;  they  did  not,  however,  reach 
us  in  their  originals,  but  through  late  copies  of  Assyrian  scribes. 
It  is  therefore  a privilege  to  be  permitted  to  study  closely  the 
work  and  the  methods  of  such  schools.  The  results  of  this 
study  are  very  interesting,  and  to  them  a special  chapter  has 
been  devoted  (Ch.  III). 

But  the  class  of  school  texts  is  by  no  means  exhausted  with 
the  lists  of  personal  names:  besides  them  students  have  copied, 
and  therefore  have  unconsciously  preserved  for  us,  much  very 
valuable  material.  The  Museum  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania is  fortunate  in  possessing  a very  large  number  of  lists  of 
trees  and  wooden  instruments,  plants,  stones,  vessels,  names 
of  gods,  officials,  etc.  All  of  these  lists  are  Sumerian,  and  some 
of  them  contain  also  the  Akkadian  equivalent  of  the  names:2 
besides  these  lists,  students  copied  models  of  legal  documents,3 
syllabaries,  historical  and  grammatical  texts,4  mathematical 
and  metrological  tablets,5  and  much  more  of  a miscellaneous 
character.6 

The  chief  interest  of  the  students  was  not  in  what  they 
copied,  but  in  the  practice  which  they  derived  therefrom,  and 
it  consequently  happens  that  in  many  school  exercises  the 


1 With  the  exception  of  the  Yokha  tablets  (Pt.  Ill,  51-57),  for  which  cf.  below,  pp.  1 7 and  44. 

2 Cf.  Poebel,  HGT,  Nos.  133-4,  144-5-6-7,  152,  etc. 

3 Two  specimens  published  by  me,  LAD,  101-2. 

4 Many  of  them  are  to  be  found  in  HGT. 

5 Cf.  Hilprecht,  BE,  Series  A,  Vol.  XX,  Pt.  I. 

6 Cf.  description  given  by  Hilprecht,  BE,  Series  D,  Vol.  V,  Pt.  I,  p.  14  ff. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


17 


obverse  contains  very  different  material  than  that  of  the  reverse. 
When  such  was  the  case,  in  the  documents  edited  in  this  volume, 
only  one  of  the  faces  of  the  tablet  has  been  published.1  While 
being  aware  that  it  would  have  been  very  interesting  to  have  the 
documents  in  their  entirety,  still  it  seemed  to  me  more  advisable 
to  reserve  such  parts  which  did  not  properly  belong  in  this 
volume  for  future  publication  in  their  proper  place.  Otherwise 
it  would  have  been  necessary  either  to  republish  them,  or  to  cause 
great  inconvenience  to  the  reader  by  continuously  referring  to 
different  volumes. 

A good  illustration  of  the  little  importance  which  was 
attached  by  the  Babylonian  scribes  to  the  subject  matter  of 
their  exercises  is  furnished  by  Pt.  I,  63,  which  changes  its  subject 
three  times.  The  obverse  begins  with  a list  of  woods:  then 
two  horizontal  lines  mark  the  change,  and  we  find  a list  of 
mixed  personal  names:  u-bar-ru-um,  ku-ri-tum,  lii-nibruki,  dninni- 
ma-an-si,  is-ta-a-a ; on  the  reverse  is  inscribed  a section  of  the 
Syllabary  of  Personal  Names.2 

The  six  tablets  which  do  not  come  from  Nippur  (Pt.  Ill, 
51-7)  have  been  selected  from  the  results  of  an  excavation  of  Dr. 
Peters  at  Yokha.3  They  are  of  very  great  importance,  because 
they  prove  to  us  the  existence  of  another  temple  school,  which 
was  as  old  as  that  of  Nippur,  and  produced  texts  very  similar  to 
those  excavated  there.4 

Age  of  the  Documents 

School  texts  being  always  left  undated,  there  are  only 
two  means  of  ascertaining  the  probable  age  of  the  tablets: 

1 Cf.  Description  of  the  Tablets,  on  p.  80  ff. 

2 Col.  I,  Nos.  51-52,  Col.  II,  Nos.  74-82  of  the  list  given  on  pp.  53-7. 

3 Cf.  Peters:  Nippur,  Vol.  11,  pp.  283  ff. 

4 Cf.  description  on  p.  44. 


18  UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 

(1)  The  form  of  the  characters  and  (2)  the  religious  ideas  and 
names  of  deities  occurring  in  the  personal  names.  Of  these 
two,  the  palaeographical  argument  is  the  more  reliable  and,  on 
the  strength  of  it,  we  can  confidently  assign  the  great  bulk  of 
the  tablets  to  a period  corresponding  to  the  beginning  of  the 
First  Dynasty  of  Babylon  or,  since  at  that  time  Nippur  was 
under  the  sway  of  the  I sin  rulers,  to  the  second  part  of  the 
Dynasty  of  Isin.1  Some  of  the  texts  (cf.  Pt.  1,  7)  could  very 
well  be  placed  even  towards  the  end  of  the  First  Dynasty,  but 
we  must  remember  that  no  documents  from  Nippur  have 
reached  us  for  the  period  which  lies  between  the  29th  year  of 
Samsu-iluna  and  the  Cassite  invasion.2  Our  terminus  a quo 
must  therefore  be  the  former  date,  while  a few  of  the  texts 
(Pt.  II,  62;  Pt.  Ill,  42,  and  the  Yokha  tablets)  can  confidently 
be  placed  as  far  back  as  the  Sargonic  Period. 

It  is  important  to  remark  that  the  Sumerian  lists  are  not 
any  older  than  those  written  in  Akkadian;  in  fact,  we  find 
Akkadian  names  in  some  of  the  oldest  tablets  (Pt.  II,  62),  and 
also  in  the  Yokha  documents  (Pt.  Ill,  52,  55,  56). 

Names  of  the  Scribes 

Besides  omitting  the  date  formulae,  these  tablets  also  fail 
to  record  the  names  of  the  scribes  who  have  redacted  them  or, 
to  be  more  accurate,  of  the  pupils  who  have  copied  them. 
Two  documents,  however,  have  been  signed  by  their  authors: 
Pt.  II,  64,  containing  names  beginning  with  nu-ur,  has  on  the 
left  edge  a personal  name  which  has  been  partly  erased,  and  of 
which  the  beginning  dnin-IB~.  ...  is  still  readable.  Pt.  II,  67, 
Obv.  contains  a list  of  names  of  different  formations,  which  closes 


1 Cf.  LAD,  p.  23  ff. 

2Cf.  LAD,  p.  25;  HT,  p.  67. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


19 


with  the  usual  two  horizontal  lines,  after  which  follows  the 
name  i-din-is-tar . That  this  Idin-Istar  is  the  name  of  the  scribe 
is  proved,  not  only  by  the  fact  that  the  list  of  names  had  already 
been  closed  by  the  two  lines,  but  also  from  the  character  of  the 
names  contained  in  the  list:  they  are  generally  long  and  not 
of  common  occurrence. 


Colophons 

What  can  be  called  a real  colophon  was  to  be  found  at 
the  end  of  both  tablets  of  Pt.  I.  Unfortunately  part  of  it  has 
been  destroyed  and  what  remains  of  it  in  No.  2,  Col.  VI  (bottom), 
are  the  signs:  [dELT]EG-gag-sal  No.  3,  Col.  Ill  (bottom),  has 
only  gag-sal;  in  a list  of  Sumerian  names  (published  in  Pt.  II, 
No.  18)  we  find  dELTEG~.  . . . The  colophon  has  been  restored 
from  an  unpublished  tablet  (CBS  6482),  which  is  also  a school 
text  and  contains  lexicographical  material  and  mathematical 
exercises.  It  reads:  dELTEG  ( Br . 4445)  -gag-sal. 

It  is  remarkable  that  this  colophon  occurs  also  in  two  other 
Nippur  texts  of  very  different  character:  the  so-called  Sumerian 
Epic  of  Paradise,  the  Flood  and  the  Fall  of  Man,  published  by 
Langdon  in  Vol.  X,  Pt.  I,  of  the  present  series,  and  in  Historical 
and  Religious  Texts,  p.  18,  of  the  same  author.1  In  both  texts 
the  first  part  of  the  line  containing  the  colophon  is  destroyed. 

In  the  Akkadian  lists  we  find  no  colophons,  but  this  is 
probably  due  to  the  fact  that  we  have  not  yet  recovered  the 
tablets  containing  the  complete  texts,  and  that  the  pupils  may 
have  omitted  the  colophons  in  their  copies.  In  any  case,  Pt.  II, 
No.  67,  bears  a scribal  note  which  is  unfortunately  destroyed; 
what  is  readable  is:  a-di pa-ni 


Reference  given  in  Langdon’s  Sumerian  Epic,  p.  85,  note  1. 


20 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Instead  of  having  a colophon,  the  Yokha  tablets  close  with 
a sign  which  was  probably  used  to  identify  the  texts  from  which 
the  subject  matter  was  copied.  Such  signs  are:  LA  (Pt.  Ill, 
51  and  55);  USUM  (Pt.  Ill,  58).  A similar  mode  of  identifica- 
tion is  also  used  in  a Nippur  text  of  an  archaic  period  (Pt.  II,  62). 
The  sign  is  there  KA+SE-E. 

Division  of  the  Lines 

In  preparing  a tablet  for  inscription,  the  scribe  would 
generally  begin  with  marking  out  the  columns  by  means  of 
long,  perpendicular  strokes,  and  then  determine  in  advance 
the  number  of  lines  which  each  column  was  to  contain.  In 
order  to  make  certain  that  each  column  would  embody  just  the 
apportioned  number  of  lines,  these  were  marked  out  in  advance, 
by  means  of  perpendicular  wedges.  It  so  happened,  however, 
that,  when  the  name  to  be  copied  was  unusually  long,  the  line 
would  be  too  small  to  contain  it.  Instead  of  overcrowding,  the 
scribes  resorted  to  one  of  two  expedients:  they  either  mutilated 
the  name  by  writing  only  as  much  of  it  as  the  line  would  hold,1 
or  they  continued  it  in  the  line  immediately  below.  Both 
procedures  have  been  followed,  and  in  both  cases  some  confusion 
resulted. 

In  the  present  part,  we  find  two  or  three  instances  of  names 
which  have  thus  been  divided  between  two  lines,  each  one  pre- 
ceded by  a perpendicular  wedge,  so  that,  to  all  appearances, 
each  name  is  to  be  regarded  as  two:  ti-i{-kar-dda-gan  (No.  21 
of  list  on  p.  51);  e-il-gir-kalam-ma  (No.  403),  and  perhaps  also 
u-fia-kid-ikribu{-bu)-sa  (31-32.  Cf.  note  8 on  p.  51). 

Tablet  CBS,  6390  (not  published,  but  cf.  photograph  on 
PI.  37),  is  also  characteristic  in  this  respect.  In  writing  Col.  II, 


1 Cf.  references  below,  p.  22. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


21 


the  scribe  had  been  obliged  to  spread  two  names  over  four 
lines,  which  had  already  been  marked  out  by  a wedge.  In  order 
to  warn  the  reader  that  these  four  lines  contained  only  two  names, 
he  drew  two  other  perpendicular  wedges,  so  long  as  to  embrace 
two  lines  each.  The  new  ones  did  not  obliterate  the  preceding 
four,  so  that  each  name  is  preceded  by  three  perpendicular 
wedges. 

The  Use  of  the  So-called  Determinative  (m) 

The  use  of  a perpendicular  wedge,  to  distinguish  the  per- 
sonal names,  is  generally  adopted  in  the  school  texts  from 
Nippur.  But  the  practice  is  not  followed  with  any  degree  of 
regularity.  In  many  texts  it  has  been  omitted  (Pt.  II,  2 Obv., 
29,  41,  59,  60,  62,  63;  Pt.  Ill,  14,  15,  45,  48,  49,  50,  51-57). 
While  there  is  generally  no  reason  to  be  discovered  for  such  an 
omission,  it  is  important  to  remark:  (1)  That  such  wedge 
always  precedes  the  names  of  the  Syllabary,  and  that  it  is 
always  omitted  (2)  in  conjunction  with  Sumerian  names  begin- 
ning with  nr-1  and  (3)  in  the  older  texts,  such  as  the  Yokha 
and  Pt.  II,  62. 

Some  tablets  clearly  betray  the  uncertainty  under  which 
the  scribes  labored  in  redacting  their  texts.  In  Pt.  II,  21,  the 
wedge  is  omitted  in  Col.  I,  and  regularly  used  in  all  other 
columns;  in  Pt.  II,  20  Obv.,  Col.  II,  its  use  is  discontinued 
abruptly,  to  be  resumed  again  in  the  following  columns;  in  Pt. 
II,  23  Obv.,  the  wedge,  which  had  been  added  by  the  teacher 
to  his  model,2  is  omitted  by  the  pupil. 

'The  only  exception  is  to  be  found  in  Pt.  Ill,  25,  Col.  V,  but  this  can  be  easily  explained 
by  the  fact  that  the  tablet  contains,  besides  those  composed  with  ur-,  also  names  beginning  with 
lu  and  lugal.  Since  the  wedge  had  already  been  placed  before  these,  it  happened  also  to  be 
retained  with  the  other  names. 

2 Cf.  below,  p.  41  ff. 


22 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


The  Scribal  Errors 

The  imperfect  writing  of  a large  number  of  the  tablets 
here  published  would  make  a complete  list  of  all  scribal  errors 
both  long  and  useless.  We  must  keep  in  mind  the  fact  that 
many  of  these  tablets  are  pupil’s  exercises,  and  that  these 
pupils  sometimes  showed  very  little  ability  in  writing.  Among 
the  duplicates  not  published,  there  is  a large  tablet  which  is  so 
badly  written  that  even  though  1 had  a clear  knowledge  of  its 
contents  through  other  tablets,  still  very  great  difficulty  was 
experienced  in  dividing  the  names  between  the  several  columns.1 
Even  among  the  tablets  here  published,  there  are  some  which 
contain  scribal  errors  in  nearly  every  line.  (Cf.  Pt.  I,  45  Rev., 
60  Rev.,  61  Rev.,  using  the  key  to  the  transliterations,  which  is 
given  under  “Description  of  Tablets,’’  on  p.  80  ff). 

I have  therefore  decided  to  call  attention  to  the  most 
important  of  them  in  footnotes  to  my  transliteration  of  the 
names  (p.  4c)  ff),  and  to  give  here  only  a brief  classification  ot  all 
scribal  errors  with  reference  to  their  chief  sources: 

1.  Errors  of  omission. 

(a)  Accidental  omission  of  signs:  i-[tur!]-anum  (No.  94  of 

list  on  p.  s8);  a-U-~a-[ni!]-in  (Pt.  II,  49,  2);  a-l'i-e- 
l ri!]~ia-am  (Pt.  II,  50,  I,  6);  [se!\-li-li  (No.  90  of  the 
list  on  p.  57). 

( b ) Wilful  omission  of  the  last  signs,  due  to  bad  spacing 

in  the  lines  (Cf.  above,  p.  20) : a-hi-sa-gi-[is!]  (No.  430); 
a-li-ii-im-[di!],  a-li-ne-me-[di!\,  a-l'i-ne-me-[ki!)  (Pt. 
II,  56,  Col.  Ill,  11.  13-17);  a-U-tu-kul-[ti! ] (Pt.  II,  56, 
1,  14);  on  the  same  principle  we  have  to  explain  the 
various  forms  in  which  the  same  name  has  been 


1 Cf.  CBS,  6657,  in  list  of  duplicates  on  p.  87. 


EDW.  CHI  ERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


23 


transcribed:  ma-an-nu-um-ma,  ma-an-nu-um-ma-hi r, 
ma-an-nu-um-ma-hir-su,  ma-nu-um-ma-hir-su-nu  (No. 
72). 

(c)  Accidental  omission  of  lines:  dnanna-gu-gal  (Pt.  I,  22, 
Rev.  II;  No.  75):  U-MA-NA  (Pt.  I,  45  Rev.  I; 
No.  406):  in  one  instance  the  line  has  been  afterwards 
added:  tab-i-li  (Pt.  I,  61  Rev.  I,  10;  No.  49). 

Confusion  of  signs: 

(a)  Due  to  imperfect  writing  of  single  signs:  i-l'i-ub-ti  (Pt. 

I,  1 Rev.  IV,  6)  and  i-li-ta?-ti  (Pt.  I,  61,  Col.  II,  2) 
for  i-U-ga-ti  (No.  65);  lugal-e-a,  lugal-sa-lim  and 
lugal-me-Jam  (Pt.  I,  60,  Col.  II,  17-8,  Col.  Ill,  1)  for 
lii-e-a,  lu-sa-lim,  lu-me-lam  (Nos.  106,  108-9);  a-lt-a- 
ri-u-a,  a-U-a-ri-u-sa  (Pt.  I,  23,  Col.  V.  3,  and  Pt.  I,  2, 
Col.  V.  9-10)  for  a-lt-a-hu-u-a,  a-U-a-hu-u-sa  (Nos. 
332-3),  and  many  other  instances  in  which  the  signs 
di  and  ki,  ku,  lu,  ma  and  ba,  bi  and  ga,  etc.,  have  been 
confused. 

(b)  Due  to  superimposition  of  signs:  Cp.  i-sur-anum,-\-e-a 

and-M/A/  in  Pt.  I,  1 Rev.  Ill,  2-4  (Nos.  40-2):  and 
also  i-tur-anum,+e-a,-\-dIM  in  Pt.  I,  60,  Rev.  II,  5-7 
(Nos.  94-6). 


24 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


THE  SYLLABARY  OL  PERSONAL  NAMES 

The  texts  which  are  published  in  this  part  of  the  volume 
are  unique  in  many  respects.  While  tablets  containing  lists  of 
personal  names  have  already  been  published,1  no  text  has  as  yet 
appeared  in  which  the  personal  names  are  arranged  in  homo- 
geneous groups  of  three.  The  advantages  which  this  special 
arrangement  of  the  names  offers  for  the  study  of  their  character, 
composition  and  meaning  are  so  many  and  varied,  that  I do  not 
hesitate  in  declaring  this  part  to  be  the  most  important  of  the 
whole  volume. 


Reconstruction 

In  its  present  form  the  Syllabary,  as  reconstructed  from  its 
many  fragments,  is  not  complete.  While  there  is  good  hope 
that  the  remaining  parts  will  some  day  be  found,  it  is  gratifying 
to  realize  that  the  parts  lacking  cannot  have  been  very  extensive. 

The  different  fragments  of  school  exercises  and  school 
models  which  are  here  published  will  probably  go  back  to  two 
original  tablets  of  large  size,  which  were  inscribed  on  both 
sides.  That  such  was  the  case  is  to  be  deduced  from  the  fact 
that  most  of  the  texts  begin  with  either  the  name  dninni-ur 
(No.i)  or  ba-a . . . . (No.  400).  In  my  opinion,  this  proves  that 
the  two  names  above  mentioned  marked  the  beginning  of  each 
of  the  two  tablets;  in  copying  an  inscription,  the  students  would 
be  expected  to  start  with  the  opening  lines  of  each  tablet,  and 

1 Cf.  description  in  Pts.  II  and  III.  Of  the  tablets  of  this  volume,  only  the  upper  part 
of  text  9 had  already  been  published  by  Poebel  in  HOT,  No.  154.  To  that  another  fragment  has 
been  joined  by  me. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


25 


stop  wherever  they  pleased.  This  will  explain  why  we  have  so 
many  texts  representing  the  first  parts  of  each  tablet,  and  a 
steadily  diminishing  number  as  we  proceed  further,  until  we 
reach  a point  where  the  Syllabary  is  represented  by  only  a single 
text  and,  when  this  fails,  is  entirely  interrupted. 

But  these  two  tablets,  the  existence  of  which  is  here  assumed, 
are  not  equally  represented.  In  fact,  of  one  of  them  we  have 
twice  as  many  texts  as  of  the  other,  and  all  the  duplicates  which 
have  not  been  included  because  superfluous  (cf.  description  on 
p.  86  f.)  belong  entirely  to  this  one  tablet.  We  may  therefore 
assume  that  the  tablet  of  which  we  have  more  texts  is  the  first 
one.  Against  such  an  order  of  succession  of  the  two  tablets,  two 
facts  seem  to  militate:  Text  49  has  some  other  lines  preceding 
dninni-ur,  which  is  assumed  to  be  the  first  name  of  the  tablet. 
But  these  lines  are  badly  destroyed  and  unreadable  and,  since 
we  know  that  students  cared  little  for  what  they  copied,  and 
that  at  times  one  tablet  will  contain  material  of  very  different 
kind1,  too  much  stress  must  not  be  laid  on  this.  The  other 

difficulty  is  found  in  the  name  -dma-mi-tum  (No.  387), 

which  immediately  precedes  the  colophon  in  the  first  tablet 
(cf.  No.  2,  VI,  and  3,  III).  This  name  does  not  belong  to  the 
preceding  group,  which  is  complete  in  all  its  three  elements, 
and  would  seem  to  mark  the  beginning  of  a new  group,  thus 
serving  the  purpose  of  a colophon.  But  apart  from  the  fact 
that  a double  colophon  would  be  useless,  it  is  certain  that  the 
second  tablet  did  not  begin  with  a name  ending  in  ...  .-dma-mi- 
tiim.  To  presuppose,  on  the  strength  of  this  clue  only,  the 
existence  of  another  tablet,  to  be  placed  between  the  first  and 
the  second,  would  involve  building  too  much  on  a slender 
foundation. 


1 Cf.  p.  17  and  Obverse  of  No.  63. 


26 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


As  to  the  length  of  the  Syllabary,  we  can  form  a pretty 
exact  estimate,  on  the  basis  of  the  texts  which  we  now  possess. 
Some  of  them  contained,  in  their  complete  form,  either  the 
whole  of  the  first  or  of  the  second  tablet.  Such  are  Nos.  2,  3, 
4 for  tablet  one,  and  37,  46,  62  for  tablet  two.  Nos.  3,  46  and 
62  are  so  fragmentary  that  they  are  useless  for  our  purposes. 

The  first  available  text  for  tablet  one  is  therefore  No.  2. 
That  it  was  originally  complete,  we  can  determine  from  the 
colophon  at  the  end  of  Col.  VI,  and  from  the  blank  space  follow- 
ing it.  Assuming,  as  very  probable,  that  Col.  1 began  with  the 
name  dninni-ur,  which  is  the  first  in  all  tablets,  we  find  that  we 
have  20  names  missing  before  we  reach  the  traces  of  ti-i{-kar- 
dda-gan,  which  is  the  21st  in  the  Syllabary.  We  have  15  lines 
of  inscription  in  Col.  I,  which,  added  to  the  20  destroyed, 
gives  us  35;  after  this  there  is  another  gap  of  29  names  (Nos. 
35  to  64),  which  must  be  divided  between  the  end  of  Col.  I and 
the  beginning  of  Col.  II.  But  Col.  II  must  have  started  at  the 
same  height  as  Col.  I,  so  that  we  know  that  22  of  the  29  names 
belong  to  Col.  II.  The  remaining  7 are  just  what  we  lack  to 
complete  Col.  1,  which  will  therefore  have  contained  originally 
35  + 7 = 42  names.  I he  shape  of  the  tablet  is  proof  for  the  asser- 
tion that  it  originally  contained  four  columns  on  each  side. 
Assuming  all  these  eight  columns  to  have  embraced  approxi- 
mately the  same  number  of  names  as  Col.  I,  we  reach  a total  of 
336  names  for  the  whole  tablet.  From  this  total  a few  units 
may  have  to  be  subtracted  to  cover  the  number  of  names 
spread  over  two  lines,  and  the  space  left  in  blank  at  the  bottom 
of  Col.  VI. 

An  analogous  treatment  of  text  4 gives  the  same  result. 
Col.  I has  14  names  preserved,  plus  16  missing,  i.  e.  30  names 
for  the  first  and  probably  for  every  column.  The  tablet  had 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


27 


originally  five  columns  on  the  obverse  and  six  on  the  reverse, 
totaling  330  names.  From  this  we  must  subtract  15  names, 
representing  the  unwritten  part  of  Col.  VI,  which  had  been 
inscribed  just  up  to  the  point  where  the  tablet  has  been  broken. 
From  this  double  testimony,  we  can  safely  affirm  that  tablet 
one  contained  approximately  315  names. 

For  tablet  two  the  only  available  text  is  No.  37.  Col.  I 
of  this  tablet  has  28  names  destroyed,  and  9 preserved,  i.  e.  37 
in  all.  The  tablet  was  so  divided  as  to  contain  five  columns  on 
each  side,  but  Col.  VI  has  been  left  without  inscription.  The 
probable  total  of  names  will  therefore  be  37x9  = 333,  from 
which  is  to  be  subtracted  whatever  number  of  lines  may  have 
been  left  in  blank  at  the  bottom  of  Col.  V.  The  total  reached 
is  so  near  that  of  tablet  one  that  we  can  confidently  affirm  the 
two  tablets  to  have  been  of  the  same  size.  An  analogous 
procedure  has  been  followed  in  determining  the  length  of  the 
gaps  in  the  body  of  the  Syllabary. 

Scribal  Glosses  and  Translations 

The  most  remarkable  text  of  the  whole  Syllabary  is  No.  7, 
which  differs  from  the  others  in  the  following  aspects: 

(1)  The  names  are  arranged  in  groups  of  thirty  to  a column, 
this  number  being  marked  at  the  bottom  of  each  column,  and 
a blank  space  being  left,  as  soon  as  the  required  number  is 
reached. 

(2)  Many  of  the  Sumerian  names  are  accompanied  by  their 
Akkadian  translation,  and  even  by  glosses  stating  their  correct 
pronunciation.  For  instance,  in  the  group  a-{i{d)-da,  a-dnanna, 
a-lu-bad  (347-9),  the  value  a for  the  first  sign  has  been  given  in 
gloss;  same  also  for  the  sign  bad  in  a-lu-bad  (349)  and  ku  in 
ama-kii-KA L (284). 


28 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


(3)  In  some  places  a number  of  names  are  omitted,  and  the 
scribe  has  glossed:  so  many  “ hi-pu-u ,”  i.  e.  destroyed. 

This  last  feature  makes  it  impossible  to  utilize  this  text  in 
any  estimate  of  the  probable  length  the  original  tablet  from 
which  it  has  been  copied.  The  totals  of  each  column  only  mark 
the  number  of  the  names  which  have  been  actually  copied, 
irrespective  of  those  which  may  have  been  omitted. 

Much  more  important  for  us  is  the  translation  of  the 
Sumerian  names,  and  this  has  been  discussed  in  the  chapter  on 
Transliterations  and  Translations  on  p.  56  ff.  It  is,  however, 
necessary  to  lay  stress  on  the  fact  that  these  translations  are 
generally  very  free.  Where  three  names  of  similar  meaning 
follow  each  other,  only  the  first  is  translated  and  the  others  are 
glossed  sa-a-na,  i.  e.  a second  way  of  expressing  it.  E.  g., 
293,  en-sibir-ra-su-du  — be-lum  sa  si-bi-ir-ra  su-uk-lu-lum;  294, 
en-sibir-ra-tum-ma  = sa-a-na; 295 , en-an-na-tum-ma  = sa-a-na;  350, 
lugal-gaba-ri-nu-tu(gu)  = sar-rum  sa  ma-hi-ra  la  [i-s]u-u;  351, 
[lugal]-im-ri-a  = sa-[a-na\.  In  some  cases  the  translation  is 
incomplete:  296,  ma-a-ge-es-ge-li(l)  = as-sum-ia  li(-ib-lut) ; 297, 
ma-a-ge-es-ge-sag  = li  (-lib) ; 298,  ma-a-ge-es-ga-ma-ti  (, l)  = li  (- ib - 

hit).  In  one  case  the  translation  is  wrong:  74,  dnanna-^a-e- 
me-en  does  not  mean:  “sin  lu-u  a-na-ku’’  but  “sin  lu-u  at-ta’’ 
(cf.  note  1 on  p.  56). 

The  glosses  hi-pu-u,  indicating  the  breaks  in  the  original 
text,  raise  another  problem.  Parallel  texts  to  this  do  not  show 
any  gaps,  and  include  the  names  which  the  scribe  here  describes 
as  destroyed.  Moreover,  they  are  the  work  of  pupils,  whom  we 
may  not  expect  to  be  as  skilled  in  deciphering  an  old  text  as  the 
scribe  who  has  so  beautifully  copied  this  tablet.  Are  we  to 
suppose  that  the  original  text  was  no  longer  accessible  to  this 
scribe,  and  that  he  had  to  content  himself  with  a poor  or  damaged 
student’s  copy? 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


29 


In  any  case,  the  number  of  lines  given  for  the  gaps  do  not 
always  correspond  with  the  results  obtained  from  the  other 
texts.  In  Col.  I we  find  130  registered  as  “destroyed”  between 
nu-ur-i-ti-su  (48)  and  dnanna-{a-e-me-en  (74).  In  fact,  only  24 
names  are  missing,  and  they  are  all  represented  in  the  other 
tablets.  The  other  glosses  are  right.  Still  in  Col.  I,  after 
dnanna-gu-gal  (75)  six  names  are  described  as  “destroyed,”  and 
these  are  Nos.  76-81 ; in  Col.  1 1,  the  nine  destroyed  are  1 1 3-1 2 1 . 
In  Col.  IV  the  gloss  1 hi-bi  stands  in  place  of  e-M A-SU-a,  which 
probably  was  badly  written,  or  incomprehensible  to  the  scribe. 
In  Col.  II,  12,  we  must  restore  the  unusual  gloss:  [/  mi-g]ir 
hi-bi  “One  name  beginning  with  mi-gir  is  destroyed,”  and  even 
this  would  not  be  right,  because  two  names  (338  and  340)  are 
there  missing. 

Judging  from  all  these  variants,  I believe  that  the  text 
which  the  scribe  of  No.  7 had  before  him  was  on  the  whole  as 
good  as  that  which  the  students  had  used.  If  the  scribe  omitted 
here  some  of  the  names,  this  was  probably  due  to  an  error  of 
judgment:  he  wanted  his  copy  to  include  only  such  names  as 
were  well  written  and  therefore  absolutely  correct.  The 
students,  on  the  other  hand,  who  cared  very  little  for  the  possible 
errors  of  their  copies,  unconsciously  adopted  the  best  method, 
and  copied  everything  which  they  saw  on  their  model.  This 
will  also  explain  why,  in  some  of  the  passages  omitted  by  text  7, 
the  other  copies  abound  in  errors  and  doubtful  readings. 

The  Grouping  of  the  Names 

The  most  striking  feature  of  this  Syllabary  is  that  the 
names  are  arranged  in  groups  of  three.  While  sometimes  the 
order  of  the  names  in  each  group  may  vary  somewhat  (Nos. 
74-5  are  in  different  order  in  6,  III  and  10,  I;  same  of  360-1 


30 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


in  4,  V;  the  groups  439-441  and  486-8  change  position  in  the 
several  texts),  the  number  of  the  names  will  always  be  the 
same.  Exceptionally,  we  may  find  an  apparently  regular  group 
of  three  to  contain  really  two  names:  in  the  group  31,  ii-pa-kid; 
32,  ikribu(-bu)-sa;  33,  ikribi-is-tar,  the  first  two  names  are 
probably  to  be  united  into  one  (cf.  note  8 on  p.  51). 

Still  more  remarkable  is  the  case  in  which  we  have  four 
names  for  a single  group,  in  7,  1 1,  3-6.  There  are  also  so  many 
variants  and  errors  in  this  group,  that  it  is  necessary  to  discuss 
it  in  detail;  placing  the  several  texts  side  by  side  we  have: 


6,  IV;  8,  II 


7-  I* 


60,  11-111 


106.  lu-e-a 

107. 

108.  lu-sa-lim 

109.  lu-me-ldm 


lii-e-a 

lu-da-ri 

lu-sa-lim 

lu-i-mi-ti 


lugal-e-a 

lugal-sa-lim 

lugal-me-ldm 


This  group,  besides  the  irregularity  as  to  the  number  of  the 
names,  presents  also  difficulties  in  their  translation.  There 
seems  to  be  no  doubt  that  the  variant  lugal-  in  No.  60  is  to  be 
disregarded  and  considered  a scribal  error  for  lit.  From  the 
variant  of  No.  7 we  can  also  safely  conclude  that  the  original 
text  wrote  these  names  as  follows:  lu-e-a,  lu-sa-lim  and  lu-me- 
ldm.  The  similarity  of  the  signs  lit  and  lugal  will  explain  the 
error  of  No.  60.  But  text  7 gives  four  names  in  place  of  the 
original  three  of  the  Syllabary.  Of  these,  lu-i-mi-ti  certainly 
corresponds  to  lu-me-lam,1  and  lu-sa-lim  is  a different  phonetic 
writing  for  lu-sa-lim.  But  the  scribe  encountered  a difficulty 
in  the  name  lu-e-a,  and  added  to  it  lu-da-ri,  as  his  interpretation. 


1 M e-lam =melammu,  “terrible,  fearful  splendor,”  which  is  also  used  in  the  sense  of  “fear, 
terror”  (cf.  MA  HIVB,  p.  550b).  We  can  therefore  suppose  me-lam  to  be  equal  to  imitu,  “terror, 
fright”  (cf.  imtu  in  MA  HWB).  If  this  be  right,  imiti  in  this  name  will  not  mean  "my  right 
hand”  but  “my  terror.” 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


31 


But,  apart  from  what  the  scribe  of  No.  7 may  have  thought 
about  these  names,  how  shall  we  explain  them?  Are  they  to 
be  read  in  Akkadian  or  Sumerian?  In  deciding  this  question, 
we  must  bear  in  mind  that,  in  all  other  instances,  the  three 
names  of  each  group  constantly  belong  to  the  same  language. 

As  a Sumerian  name,  lu-me-lam  would  be  perfectly  regular 
and  intelligible.  Lii-e-a  and  lii-sa-lim,  however,  would  present 
a wrong  spelling.  Lii-e-a  cannot  be  “The  man  of  the  god  Ea,” 
because  the  element  e-a  is  always  used  in  Akkadian  names.  We 
should  expect  a-wi-il-e-a  or  a-wil-e-a,  which  would  correspond  to 
the  Sumerian  lu-den-ki d Lii-sa-lim  would  be  meaningless  in 
Sumerian,  and  present  a bad  spelling  in  Akkadian,  if  the 
name  is  to  be  transliterated  (as  generally  assumed)  awil-sa-lim. 
To  consider  lii  as  the  personal  name  of  some  god  would  be  of 
very  little  use,  because  it  would  leave  unexplained  both  the 
name  lii-e-a  and  the  reason  why  the  Akkadian  lii-sa-lim  should 
be  placed  in  the  same  group  with  the  Sumerian  lu-me-lam. 

We  must  therefore  fall  back  upon  the  interpretation  sug- 
gested by  No.  7 and  consider  these  three  names  as  Akkadian. 
Lii-e-a  corresponds  to  lu-da-ri.  Here  lii  is  used  phonetically 
for  lii  and  is  equal  to  lu-u;  e-a,  for  UD-DU-a  must  correspond  to 
darn  “to  be  lasting,  be  eternal.”1 2  Lii-sa-lim  is  equal  to  lu-sa-lim, 
and  lii-me-lam  to  lu-i-mi-ii.  All  the  three  names  are  abbre- 
viated either  in  the  first  element  or  in  the  last. 

Relation  of  the  Names  in  Each  Group 

The  three  names  of  each  group  will  always  stand  in  some 
relation  to  one  another.  This  relation  may  be  of  different  kind, 

1 Cf.  PPN,  p.  3 1,  and  below,  p.  37  f. 

2 The  sign  e would  be  used  phonetically  for  e'  ( = UD-DU),  which  means  asu  “to  go  out,” 
situ  “the  marching  out,”  and  which  could  also  have  the  similar  meanings  of  satu  “eternity,” 
and  dam  “to  be  lasting,  to  be  eternal.” 


32 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


but  will  always  be  present,  thus  offering  the  great  advantage 
of  permitting  to  explain  one  name  by  means  of  the  other  two. 

(1)  The  three  names  may  begin  with  the  same  word,  as 
happens  in  most  of  the  cases.  This  word  may  either  be:  (a)  A 
noun,  as  in  46,  nu-ur-i-li;  47,  nu-ur-i-U-a;  48,  nu-ur-i-li-su; 
34,  nig-dug-ga-ni;  35,  mg-dba-u;  36,  ni(g)-ga-dnanna;  or  ( b ) The 
name  of  a god,  as  in  1 10 , d sin-re  u;  1 1 1,  dsin-ri-me-ni;  1 12,  dsin- 
ri-{u-su;  \,dninni-ur;  2,  dninni-dug;  3,  dninni-ur-sag;  (c)  A 
verbal  element,  as  in  119 , ib-ni-anum;  1 20,  ib-ni-e-a;  1 2 1 , lb-ni- 
dlM;  281,  i-bi-ik-dda-gan;  282,  i-bi-ik-e-a;  283,  i-bi-ik-'is-lar , etc. 

(2)  The  three  names  may  end  with  the  same  element  or 
sound:  275,  cir-wi-um;  276,  ar-wi-tnm;  277,  ar-na-ab-tum;  533, 
a-{iim;  534,  a-ma-fum;  535,  hu-un-^um;  326,  e-ki-bi;  327,  uru- 
ki-bi;  328,  sal-ki-bi,  etc. 

(3)  The  three  names  of  each  group  may  be  equal  in  meaning, 
i.  e.  they  may  contain  the  same  general  idea  expressed  in  different 
form.  This  is  very  well  brought  out  by  text  7,  which,  after 
having  translated  one  name,  simply  glosses  the  other  two 
“ sa-a-na .”  (Cf.  above,  p.  28.)  Cf.  also  937,  [a-ha-n\u-ta; 
938,  [a-ba-a]r-si;  939,  \a-ha\-nir-si;  569,  mes-ki-ag-an-[na?], 
570,  mes-ki-ag-nun-na;  571,  mes-an-ni-pa(d)-da;  341,  sir?-bur?~ 
la?-kiki-dug;  342,  uriki-ki-dug;  343,  sir-bu r-la-ki-aiag-ga.  The 
three  names  may  also  be  abbreviated  in  the  second  element, 
and  only  contain  the  name  of  a temple,  /.  e.  403,  e-gir-kalam-ma; 
404,  e-sag-il-i;  405,  e-lii-bi-nu-sub-bu;  etc.,  or  that  of  a god, 
e.  g.  606,  en-IB;  607,  en-{ii?;  608,  en-I\AL;  284,  ama-ku-KAL; 
28s,  arna-SU-CA L-BI ; 286,  ama-A-TU , etc. 

Besides  these  special  relations,  (4)  All  groups  will  always 
contain  names  belonging  to  the  same  language.  This  may  be 
either  Akkadian,  Sumerian,  Amoritic,  or  possibly  also  some 
unknown  foreign  language.  It  is  unnecessary  to  point  out  the 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


33 


Akkadian  and  Sumerian  names  which,  in  equal  proportion,  con- 
stitute the  bulk  of  the  Syllabary.  Among  the  Amoritic  names 
we  may  tentatively  class  the  groups  beginning  with:  7,  ir-BAR- 
anum(?);  16,  di-ma?-ik;  19,  ti-i{-gi;  64,  i-U-pu-ti;  67,  di-wi- 

ir-mu-ti;  91,  mu-tum-el;  189,  i-lt-am-ra-an-ni;  201,  i-sar- ; 

275,  ar-wi-um;  278,  ik-bi-el;  281,  i-bi-ik-dda-gan;  31 1,  tu-li- 
id-dsamsi(-si);  329,  nu-ur-dda-gan;  353,  a-{um;  365,  KUR-ku; 
572,  si-it-ti;  575,  ha-al-lum;  640,  a-ra-ab- . . . . ; 643,  pu?-un?~ 
....  In  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  of  Sumerian,  it  is 
difficult  to  decide  if  some  of  the  names,  which  are  written  in  the 
Sumerian  phonetic  style,  may  not  in  reality  be  foreign.  The 
remarkable  variants  which  some  of  them  present  seem  to  indi- 
cate that  their  correct  pronunciation  had  not  yet  been  fixed. 
Compare  the  following,  which  are  probably  names  of  gods: 
356,  ba-ga-ai  (var.  ga-e-ga-ag);  357,  ka-ga(r)-gu-na  (var.  ga-e- 
ga-ag-gu-na) ; 358,  ka-ma-ni-ii;  415,  KA-KA-ga-ab-KAL;  416, 
KA-KA-LA L?-bi;  417,  KA-mu-[r]i?-a  (var.  KA-mn-ri-ga). 

Relation  of  the  Groups  to  One  Another 

While  it  is  comparatively  easy  to  determine  the  relation- 
ship which  binds  together  the  three  names  of  each  group,  it  is 
impossible  to  get  a clear  idea  of  the  principle  which  governs  the 
succession  of  the  different  groups.  Negatively  we  can  point 
out  that: 

(1)  The  groups  are  not  arranged  according  to  the  form  of 
the  first  sign  with  which  they  begin,  since  we  find  many  names 
beginning  with  the  same  sign,  and  separated  by  long  intervals: 
e.  g.  KAL  in  10  f.,  245  f.,  612  f . ; E,  22  f.,  403  f.,  412  f.;  SU,  52  f., 
384  f.,  539  f.,  etc. 

(2)  The  groups  are  not  arranged  according  to  the  phonetic 
value  of  their  first  sign.  Cf.  nu-ur-...,  46  f.,  329  f.,  442  f.; 


34 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


/-//-.  . . , 64  f.,  189  f.,  566  f. ; lugal-.  . 818  f.,  928  f.;  e,  22  f., 

403  f.,  412  f.,  etc. 

(3)  The  groups  are  not  related  to  one  another  through  the 
meaning  of  their  names.  A glance  through  the  Syllabary  will 
be  sufficient  to  establish  this  point. 

(4)  The  groups  are  not  arranged  according  to  the  language 
to  which  the  names  belong.  No  definite  order  is  to  be  discovered 
in  the  continuous  change  from  Sumerian  to  Semitic. 

(5)  In  text  23,  V,  6-8,  the  group  359-61  is  placed  in  a 
different  setting. 

It  is  to  be  noted,  however,  that  in  some  few  instances  the 
succession  of  the  groups  seems  to  have  been  influenced: 

(1)  By  the  similarity  of  meaning,  as  in  the  group  94-6, 
i-tur-anum,  i-tur-e-a,  i-tur-dl M , with  97-9,  li-tur,  li-tur-ru,  li-tur- 
ru-ni? ; the  group  ending  with  sir-bur-la-ki-a^ag-ga  (343)  is 
followed  by  another  beginning  with  amar-ki-a^ag-ga;  names 
composed  with  ama  “mother”  (284  f.)  are  immediately  followed 
by  others  composed  with  ad-da  “father”  (287  f.). 

(2)  By  the  similarity  of  sound:  (278-80)  ik-bi-anum,  ik-bi- 
l urn , ik-bi-ir-ra  is  followed  by  (281-3)  i-bi-ik-dda-gan;i-bi-ik-e-a; 
i-bi-ik-is-tar ; ( 1 1 6-8)  i-tul-anum,  -e-a,  -dIM  is  followed  by 
ib-ni-anum,  -e-a,  -dI M . 

(3)  By  the  similarity  of  construction:  (122-4)  u-bar-ru-um, 
u-bar-ru-ni,  u-bar-dsin  and  (125-7)  tas-me-tum,  tas-me-a-ni,  tas- 
me-is-tar. 

(4)  By  the  language.  While,  as  has  been  stated,  no  definite 
order  is  followed  in  the  succession  of  the  groups  belonging  to 
different  languages,  nevertheless  groups  of  Sumerian  and  Semitic 
names  generally  follow  one  another.  In  some  instances,  as 
many  as  eight  of  them  form  an  unbroken  succession,  but  the 
Amoritic  names  are  not  distinguished  from  the  Akkadian.  Cf. 
Nos.  107-133;  284-300;  341-364;  400-423. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


35 


Purpose  of  the  Syllabary 

From  the  construction  of  the  Syllabary  it  is  possible  to 
form  an  idea  as  to  its  purpose.  The  relations  of  the  groups 
which  have  just  been  pointed  out  cannot  be  explained  on  any 
other  ground  than  of  being  due  to  association  of  ideas.  The 
redactor  of  the  Syllabary  endeavored  to  present,  in  a com- 
paratively brief  compass,  samples  of  all  the  different  name 
formations  with  which  he  was  acquainted,  and  wrote  them 
down  in  the  order  in  which  they  occurred  to  him.  It  is  unlikely 
that  the  names  were  copied  from  other  lists.  While  several 
of  them  recur  again  in  the  lists  of  Pts.  II  and  III,  they  generally 
are  not  found  in  the  same  sequence.1 

Both  the  Syllabary  and  the  lists  thus  represent  the  priestly 
effort  to  classify  and  bring  into  order  the  mass  of  different  names 
which  we  find  in  existence  in  old  Babylonian  times.  We  may 
even  go  further  and  suppose  that  such  compositions  as  these 
may  have  been  actually  used  as  a guide  in  giving  names  to 
children,  thus  serving  the  purpose  for  which  the  calendar  of 
saints  of  the  Catholic  Church  is  now  employed.  Since,  however, 
some  of  the  texts  go  back  to  a very  old  period,2  we  would  be 
obliged  to  relegate  to  the  distant  past  the  time  in  which  the 
father  was  left  entirely  free  to  name  his  child  in  accordance  to 
his  special  feelings  and  circumstances. 

The  Variants 

Our  texts  abound  in  variants  but,  since  these  are  all  given 
in  the  transliterations  of  the  names,  it  is  not  necessary  to  present 
them  again  in  a complete  table.  They  may,  however,  be  thus 
classified : 

Exception  is  made  by  the  groups:  350-2=Pt.  Ill  263-5;  937~9~Pt-  II  1008-10,  and 
probably  76-8=  Pt.  Ill  206-8. 

2 Cf.  above,  p.  17  f. 


36 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


(1)  Those  which  are  probably  due  to  incorrect  writing  of 
the  names,  and  may  therefore  be  considered  as  scribal  errors: 
e.  g.  90,  h-Ii,  for  se-li-li;  1 02,  dur-an-ki,  for  me-dur-an-ki ; 366, 
KUR-’i-TUR,  for  KUR-i-i.  Cf.  also  Nos.  30,  106-8-9,  338, 
433.  434-  439- 

(2)  Those  in  which  a part  of  the  name  is  more  or  less 
arbitrarily  changed,  and  therefore  cannot  be  considered  as  real 
variants : 

(a)  The  name  of  the  god  is  changed: 

362.  du(g)-ga-da-md-md,  for  du(g)-ga-dba-u. 

442.  nu-ur-la-ir,  for  nu-ur-ku-bi. 

Cf.  also  Nos.  437,  441 . 

(b)  The  nominal  or  verbal  element  is  changed: 

44.  lu-lu-dan-ni,  for  Hu-lu-ba-ni . 

487.  dI  M-na-wi-ir,  dI  M-tappum,  d I M-ma-lik,  for 

dI  M-na-da. 

488.  d I M-ha-{i-ir,  for  dI M-na-si. 

Cf.  also  Nos.  292. 

(3)  Those  in  which  the  names  appear  in  a more  complete 
form  in  some  texts  than  in  others: 

72.  Cf.  ma-an-nu-um-ma-hir-su  and  its  many 
other  variants. 

294.  en-sibir-ra-tum-ma  and  en-sibir-a^ag-tum-ma. 
Some  of  the  gods  are  written  with  or  without  the  determin- 
ative for  deity:  Cf.  dlit-lu,  dEN-T I-DI , da-ba,  etc.,  in  Nos.  43-5, 
52,  280,  331,  443. 

(4)  Those  resulting  from  different  phonetic  writing  of  the 
signs.  If  the  phonetic  character  of  the  Sumerian  language  had 
not  already  been  well  established,  these  names  could  be  used 
for  that  purpose.  But,  in  any  case,  they  will  serve  to  prove 
Poebel’s  contention  (in  PPN),  that  the  Sumerian  names  ought 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


37 


to  be  read  and  pronounced  in  Sumerian.  Moreover,  the  theory 
that  Sumerian  names  are  translations  from  the  Akkadian,  and 
that  the  persons  who  bore  them  were  Semites,1  is  also  to  be 
abandoned.  While  in  some  few  cases  the  names  of  one  language 
may  have  been  translated  into  the  other,2  the  great  majority  of 
both  the  Akkadian  and  Sumerian  names  are  independent  in 
origin.  The  variants  in  question  may  be  divided  into: 

(a)  Phonetic  variants  in  Sumerian  names  of  gods  and 
temples  : 

356.  ga-e-ga-ag  and  ka-ga-a{. 

357.  ga-e-ga-ag-gu-na,  tor  ka-ga(r)-gu-na. 

404.  e-sag-il-i,  e-sag-tl-e,  and  e-sag-il-il?-i. 

Cf.  also  Nos.  22,  136,  236-8,  287-9,  4°3-  4°5>  4 17. 

(b)  Phonetic  variants  in  the  other  elements  of  Sumerian 
names : 

233.  i-ku-un-[DA R],  and  e-ku-un-DAR. 

234.  i-si-im-[DA R\  and  e-si-in-DAR. 

235.  e-MA-SU-a,  and  e-ku-mu-[a ?]. 

296-8.  ma-a-ge-es-,  and  ma-ge-es-. 

Cf.  also  Nos.  25-6,  74,  289,  295. 

(c)  Phonetic  variants  in  the  Akkadian  and  Amoritic  names: 

124.  u-bar-dsin,  and  u-bar-ru~dsin. 

1 29.  daba-ri-me-it,  and  da-ba-ri-mi-it. 

Cf.  also  Nos.  33,  69,  1 16,  279,  333,  365,  573,  and 
67-9.  di-PI-ir-  and  di-BI-ir-. 

275.  ar-pu-um,  ar-mit-e-nm,  ar-wi-um. 

276.  ar-mi-tum,  and  ar-wi-tum. 

The  last  two  names  quoted  are  especially  interesting  because 
they  show  that  the  phonetic  value  of  the  letters  m,  p and  b was 


1 Cf.  Huber,  HPN,  p.  2-3;  against  this,  Thureau-Dangin,  ZA  20  p.  246  fT. 

2 For  Sumerian  names  translated  into  Akkadian,  cf.  note  10  on  p.  58  and  note  1 on  p.  76. 


38 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


very  similar  to  that  of  the  letter  w,  and  that  we  shall  have  to 
correct  accordingly  the  transliteration  of  many  names.  For 
instance,  all  those  beginning  with  a-PIL-,  which  have  been 
transliterated  a-pil  or  a-bil  and  translated  “son  of,”  are  probably 
to  be  read  a-wil  and  will  correspond  to  the  many  other  names 
written  a-wi(  = PI)-il  “the  man  of  ,..“1  In  old  Babylonian, 
the  word  for  “son”  is  not  aplu,  but  mam. 

The  Names  of  the  Gods 

In  the  Syllabary  there  is  no  great  variety  in  the  names  of 
gods.  In  some  few  groups  no  special  gods  are  mentioned,  and 
the  names  end  in  -i-U,  -i-U-a,  -i-U-su.  (Cf.  din-  (4-6),  ddn- 
(10-12),  nu-ur-  (46-48),  tab-  (49-51.)  In  all  these  instances  it 
is  clear  that,  in  the  Syllabary  at  least,  i-U  does  not  mean  “my 
god,’’  but  “of  god,”  since  i-U-a  is  clearly  “my  god.”  This  fact 
has  to  be  taken  in  account  in  the  translation  of  such  names. 

Another  large  group  is  composed  with  -AN,  -e-a,  -dlM. 
Cf.  i-snr-  (40-2),  i-tur-  (94-6),  i-tul-  ( 1 1 6—8),  ib-ni-  (1  19-21), 
i{-kur-  (965-7.)  In  all  these  names,  it  is  evident  that  the  sign 
AN  stands  for  annm,  and  not  Hum,  since  it  is  accompanied  by 
the  names  of  two  other  gods.  In  the  Introduction  to  the 
Akkadian  lists  of  Pt.  II,  I shall  endeavor  to  prove  that  the  sign 
AN  is  to  be  read  anum  also  when  it  appears  as  the  first  element 
of  the  name.  But  here  another  problem  presents  itself.  The 
three  gods  Anu,  Ea,  IM  naturally  remind  us  of  the  triad  Anu, 
Enlil,  Ea.2  Why  is  it  that  Enlil,  the  patron  god  of  Nippur, 
should  be  entirely  ignored  in  a composition  redacted  in  a priestly 
school,  which  was  located  under  the  very  shadow  of  his  famous 
temple?  In  the  three  groups  which  present  variants  in  the 


1 Cf.  Ranke  RPN.  p.  220,  note  1. 

2 Cf.  Jastrow,  Rel.  I,  102. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


39 


third  name,  one  has  AK  (No.  9),  the  significance  of  which  is 
uncertain  to  me,  since  the  first  element  of  the  name  is  doubtful: 
a second  has  be-U  (No.  15),  which  may  either  refer  to  any  god 
or  be  a phonetic  rendering  of  the  sign  ‘IM,  and  the  third  dsin 
(No.  63).  Enlil  is  mentioned  only  twice  in  the  Syllabary  in  the 
name  a-mur-den-lil  (No.  368),  which  is  followed  by  a-mur-be-li 
(the  third  name  of  the  group  is  missing),  and  nabi-  1 en-lil  (No.  82), 
followed  by  -d  sin,  -i-l'i-su. 

A simple  way  of  solving  the  difficulty  could  be  found  in  the 
equation  dIM  = d en-lil.  The  ideograph  dlM  is  already  employed 
for  the  names  of  so  many  deities,  that  it  would  not  be  surprising 
if  it  should  also  turn  out  to  be  used  for  Enlil.  Moreover,  the 
attributes  of  all  the  deities  which  are  represented  by  the  ideo- 
graph dIM,  are  absolutely  identical  with  those  of  Enlil,  who  is 
the  god  of  the  storm  and  atmospheric  conditions.  This  identi- 
fication, however,  must,  for  the  time  being,  remain  as  doubtful. 
What  is  certain,  is  that  the  triad  Anu,  Ea  and  1M  is  a Semitic 
counterpart  of  the  Sumerian  Ana,  Enlil  and  Enki. 

Another  interesting  group  is  (381-3)  ta-din-is-tar , ta-din- 
a-ba,  ta-din-nu-nu.  Since  the  first  two  names  are  those  of 
feminine  deities,  we  are  led  to  infer  that  nu-nu  represents  also 
a goddess.  In  the  documents,  names  composed  with  nu-nu  are 
generally  masculine.1 

In  a last  class,  we  have  the  groups  (281-3)  i-bi-ik-dda-gan , 
-e-a,  -is-tar;  (329-31)  nu-ur-dda-gan,  -is-tar,  -dga-ga;  (311-12) 
[1 tu-li-id -.  . .],  tu-li-id-dsamsi{-si),  -ga-ga.  The  first  group  is  un- 
doubtedly Amoritic.  Instead  of  Anu,  Ea  and  IM  we  find 
three  Amoritic  deities.  Dagan  and  Istar  had  already  been 
pointed  out  by  Ranke2  as  being  the  only  two  gods  which  have 


1 Cf.  RPN,  p.  205  and  note  6. 

2 Ibid.,  p.  27. 


40 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


been  found  in  Amoritic  names.  Ea  is  also  discovered  in  the  list 
of  Amoritic  names  (Ft.  II,  No.  i Col.  X,  1-3),  where  we  find: 
na-ap-li-{i-el,  na-ap-li-^i-e-a,  na-ap-li-{i-'is-tar . 

The  group  nu-ur-dda-gan,  -is-tar,  -ga-ga  justifies  us  in  regard- 
ing Gaga,1  as  well  as  Samas,  associated  with  the  latter  in  Nos. 
31  1-2,  as  two  other  representatives  of  the  West-Semitic 
pantheon;  it  is  especially  interesting  to  note  that  Samas  is  here 
regarded  as  a feminine  deity. 


1 On  the  different  ways  of  writing  this  name,  cf.  note  2 on  p.  67. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


41 


THE  SCHOOL  TEXTS 

The  school  texts,  whatever  may  be  their  contents  (cf. 
above,  p.  1 6),  present  to  us  so  many  peculiar  characteristics,  to 
be  found  in  no  other  class  of  Babylonian  tablets,  that  they  well 
deserve  a special  study.  Their  special  features  clearly  divide 
them  in  four  different  groups : 1.  The  Typical  School  Exercises; 
II.  The  Round  Tablets ; III.  The  Model  Texts;  IV.  The  Irreg- 
ular Texts. 


I.  The  Typical  School  Exercises 
This  is  the  most  interesting  group  of  school  texts.  The 
tablets  of  this  class  are  large  and,  since  the  interest  in  them  was 
only  temporary,  they  are  not  baked.1  The  documents  are 
therefore  badly  weathered  and  always  fragmentary.  In  all  the 
three  parts  of  this  volume,  there  is  not  a single  text  of  this 
kind  which  has  reached  us  in  good  condition:  if  it  were  not 
for  the  many  duplicates  and  for  the  help  of  the  model  texts, 
the  task  of  editing  them  would  have  been  an  impossible  one. 

As  I have  mentioned,  the  texts  of  this  group  are  written 
on  large,  unbaked  tablets.  But  one  single  tablet  is  never  the 
work  of  only  one  person:  we  have  often  two,  and  generally  three 
different  authors.  Strange  as  this  may  seem,  it  becomes  very 
clear  upon  a closer  study  of  the  documents. 

In  this  group,  the  obverse  of  the  tablet  is  always  divided 
into  two  columns,  of  which  the  first  is  the  work  of  the  teacher.2 

1 The  only  baked  text  of  this  group  is  Pt.  1,  No.  20. 

2 In  Pt.  I,  33  (the  obverse  has  not  been  published),  and  Pt.  II,  67,  the  teacher’s  model  is 
written  on  the  right  side  of  the  obverse. 


42 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


The  characters  are  large  and  beautifully  formed,  clearly  indicat- 
ing a person  well  acquainted  with  the  art  of  writing,  and  who 
takes  great  pains  to  make  his  work  perfect  in  every  detail. 
Immediately  opposite  to  this  column,  we  have  the  work  of  the 
pupil  who,  not  as  yet  able  to  write  without  having  a model 
immediately  by  the  side,  endeavors  to  reproduce  as  well  as  he 
can  what  has  been  written  by  the  teacher  on  the  first  column 
of  the  tablet  (cf.  Pt.  I,  i Obv.;  45  Obv.;  Pt.  II,  23  Obv.). 
In  fact,  we  have  in  these  old  Babylonian  tablets  the  exact 
counterpart  of  the  modern  writing  book,  in  which  the  left  page 
is  printed  with  the  calligraphic  model,  and  that  on  the  right 
is  left  in  blank,  to  be  filled  by  the  pupil.  As  in  modern  times, 
these  copies  are  far  from  being  perfect.  The  poor  scribbling 
would  be  well  nigh  unreadable,  if  a becoming  modesty  had  not 
suggested  to  the  student  to  immediately  destroy  his  own  work. 
In  most  of  the  tablets  of  this  class,  this  column  has  been  either 
cut  off  (cf.  below,  p.  43),  or  has  been  so  thoroughly  erased,  by 
pressing  the  stylus  upwards  and  downwards  on  the  writing,  that 
often  all  we  can  see  of  the  pupil’s  work  are  a few  wedges  here  and 
there  (cf.  Pt.  I,  20;  Pt.  II,  23),  or  simply  a difference  of  level 
in  the  tablet,  caused  by  excessive  scraping  (Pt.  I,  6,  60,  63,  etc,). 
The  difference  is  at  times  so  great,  as  to  suggest  that  possibly 
the  column  may  have  been  used  by  more  than  one  student,  or 
several  times  by  the  same  student,  the  inscription  being  care- 
fully erased  as  soon  as  completed.1 

The  reverse  of  the  tablet  is  always  divided  into  four  columns2 
and  inscribed  by  another  pupil  who,  being  more  advanced, 
knows  how  to  write  without  having  the  model  immediately  by 
the  side,  as  the  one  who  had  attempted  to  copy  the  obverse. 
His  work,  though  still  imperfect,  both  in  accuracy  and  writing, 


1 On  tablets  being  used  over  and  over  again,  cf.  below,  p.  45. 

2 With  the  exception  of  Pt.  I,  No.  45  Rev.,  which  has  three  columns. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


43 


is  almost  readable  and,  with  the  help  of  duplicates,  would  permit 
us  to  gather  a more  or  less  exact  knowledge  of  the  contents  of 
the  tablet;  unfortunately  also  in  the  case  of  the  reverse,  the 
pupils,  or  their  teachers,  have  decided  that  their  work  was  not 
worthy  of  being  preserved,  so  that  it  was  often  destroyed  not 
through  erasure,  but  by  cutting  off  from  the  tablet  as  much  as 
was  possible,  without  destroying  the  teacher’s  model  in  the 
first  column  of  the  obverse  (cf.  Pt.  1,  19,  58,  59;  Pt.  1 1 1,  27,  50). 
This  has  not  been  done  in  every  case,  but  of  a number  of  tablets 
we  have  only  one  half,  this  being  constantly  the  left  part,  and 
always  containing  the  teacher’s  model  and  about  two  columns 
of  the  reverse. 

That  this  mutilation  was  wilful  and  not  accidental,  is 
clearly  shown  by  the  deep  incisions  which  were  made  with  the 
stylus  on  the  tablet,  so  as  to  produce  an  even  break.  The  part 
thus  cut  off  was  not  preserved:  not  a single  text,  containing 
only  part  of  the  reverse  and  still  showing  the  marks  of  the  stylus, 
has  reached  us. 

Since,  as  we  have  seen,  the  reverse  of  these  tablets  is  the 
work  of  different  persons  than  those  who  inscribed  the  obverse, 
we  need  not  be  surprised  to  find  that  the  two  faces  of  every 
tablet  become  more  or  less  independent  from  each  other.  So 
in  some  texts  the  columns  of  the  reverse  run  from  left  to  right, 
instead  of  from  right  to  left  (cf.  Pt.  I,  20  and  47);  this  makes 
it  difficult  to  decide,  where  the  content  does  not  help  us,  what 
the  order  of  the  columns  is  on  the  reverse.  It  is  impossible 
even  to  rely  on  the  shape  of  the  tablets,  since  Pt.  I,  22,  has  the 
obverse  convex  and  the  reverse  perfectly  flat.1  This  independ- 

1 This  may  he  explained  on  the  supposition  that  the  second  column  of  the  obverse  (the 
pupil’s  exercise)  may  have  been  inscribed  after  the  reverse  had  already  been  completed.  Or 
possibly  we  may  find  here  a proof  of  the  fact  that  the  pupil’s  column  on  the  obverse  was  used 
more  than  once  (cf.  above,  p.  42). 


44 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


ence  of  the  two  faces  of  the  tablet  is  also  illustrated  by  Pt.  Ill, 
46,  which,  instead  of  turning  on  the  lower  edge,  turns  on  the 
right  edge,  like  a leaf  in  a book. 

The  above  discussed  group  of  school  texts  is  the  most 
numerous;  to  it  belong:  Pt.  I,  Nos.  1,  6,  19,  20,  22,  25,  31,  32, 
33,  34,  35,  43,  47,  so,  52,  53.  5 8,  59,  60,  61,  63,  and  several 
other  fragments  of  which  too  little  is  preserved  for  a clear 
classification.  I think  it  unnecessary  to  give  the  references 
for  Pts.  1 1 and  1 1 1 since  texts  of  this  kind  can  be  easily 
recognized. 

Special  mention  in  this  group  is  deserved  by  the  Yokha 
tablets,  published  in  Pt.  Ill,  Nos.  51-57  (cf.  above,  p.  17). 
They  are  beautifully  inscribed  and  perfectly  preserved.  It  is 
very  interesting  to  observe  that,  though  differing  in  some  respects 
from  the  Nippur  school  texts,  they  still  agree  in  the  general 
characteristics  with  the  other  tablets  of  this  group,  and  are 
therefore  to  be  classed  with  them.  Of  all  seven,  the  only 
portion  which  has  been  preserved  for  us  is  the  first  column  of 
the  obverse,  containing  the  teacher’s  model.  The  rest  has  in 
every  case  been  cut  off  with  a sharp  instrument,  probably  a 
knife.  After  being  thus  mutilated,  the  tablets  have  been 
thoroughly  baked,  thus  showing  that  the  teacher’s  model  was 
to  be  kept  for  further  use  by  the  students.  And  it  was  well 
worth  preserving.  While  in  all  the  Nippur  texts  the  teacher’s 
work  is  very  carefully  and  regularly  written,  in  these  Yokha 
models  the  copy  has  been  made  so  neat  and  perfect,  in  every 
little  detail,  that  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  these  tablets 
are  real  works  of  art.  In  contrast  with  the  Nippur  texts,  the 
reverse  is  not  inscribed.  Only  in  one  tablet  (Pt.  Ill,  51),  the 
reverse  has  been  used  for  copying  an  account,  which  is  also 
very  beautifully  made. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


45 


II.  The  Round  Tablets 

Another  characteristic  group  of  school  texts  is  that  of  the 
round  tablets.  In  the  documents  here  published  the  obverse 
is  flat  and  the  reverse  always  convex,  but  in  tablets  of  an  earlier 
period  both  sides  of  the  tablet  are  flat. 

The  obverse  generally  contains  four  lines  of  inscription,  of 
which  the  first  two  are  written  by  the  teacher,  and  the  other 
two  by  the  student;  lines  i and  3,  2 and  4,  will  therefore  be 
equal  in  their  contents.  It  may  be  noted  here  that  the  pupil’s 
work  is  generally  very  good,  and  in  some  cases  so  perfect  as  to 
make  it  impossible  to  distinguish  the  difference  in  handwriting; 
tablets  which  show  such  difference  are  Pt.  1 1,  41 ; Pt.  1 1 1,  34,  48. 

In  one  tablet  (Pt.  II,  41),  the  work  of  the  teacher  is  placed 
not  above  that  of  the  student,  but  on  the  left  of  the  tablet:  the 
pupil’s  exercise  being  written  immediately  by  its  side,  as  was 
the  case  with  the  obverse  of  the  texts  discussed  in  the  preceding 
group.  Another  document  (Pt.  II,  58)  has  only  one  line  of 
writing,  and  it  is  difficult  to  decide  whether  some  other  inscrip- 
tion was  to  be  added  to  it,  and  for  some  reason  has  been  omitted, 
or  whether  the  text  was  made  to  remain  in  this  condition  for  a 
memorandum,  or  for  some  other  practical  purpose. 

But  the  most  striking  characteristic  of  this  group  of  tablets 
lies  in  the  fact  that  we  find  here  the  nearest  approach  to  a 
“palimpsest”  to  be  discovered  in  the  Babylonian  and  Assyrian 
literature.  Applying  the  term  palimsest  to  clay  tablets,  we 
must  be  prepared  to  enlarge  somewhat  the  meaning  of  the 
word,  but  the  fact  remains  that  the  tablets  in  question  were 
used  over  and  over  again,  for  different  inscriptions. 

In  making  the  tablets,  the  soft  clay  was  rolled  into  a ball, 
which  was  afterwards  flattened  against  a level  surface.  On  the 
flattened  side  the  inscription  was  made.  In  some  instances  the 


46 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


scribe,  after  having  completed  his  exercise,  instead  of  throwing 
it  away,  would  use  the  clay  for  another  tablet.  He  would  roll 
it  again  into  another  ball,  and  flatten  it  a second  time.  The 
result  was  that  the  first  inscription  was  not  completely  effaced 
and  appeared  again,  in  a more  or  less  distorted  form,  either  on 
the  obverse  or  on  the  reverse  of  the  new  tablet  (cf.  Pt.  II,  66; 
Pt.  Ill,  14). 

In  this  group  of  texts,  the  reverse  is  not  inscribed.  The 
only  exception  is  offered  by  Pt.  II,  66,  which  also  differs  from 
the  others  in  having  two  lines  of  inscription  on  the  obverse,  and 
four  in  the  reverse:  the  two  sides  are  the  work  of  different 
pupils  and  in  neither  one  do  we  find  the  teacher’s  model. 

Texts  of  this  group  are:  Pt.  I,  18;  Pt.  11,41,  58,  66;  Pt.  Ill, 
2,  14,  is,  32,  34,  41,  4s,  48,  49.  Notice  the  predominance  of 
Sumerian  texts  (Pt.  Ill);  and  the  fact  that  the  Syllabary  (Pt.  I) 
is  not  represented  at  all,  the  only  tablet  of  this  kind  which  has 
been  published  there  (Pt.  I,  18)  having  been  included  simply 
for  reference. 


III.  The  Model  Texts 

The  designation  of  this  group  of  documents  as  “model 
texts,’’  would  seem  to  offer  some  ground  for  objection,  because 
we  have  seen  that,  in  both  of  the  above  discussed  groups  of 
school  texts,  part  of  the  tablet  was  written  by  the  teacher  and 
was  to  be  used  just  for  a model.  I am,  however,  restricting 
the  meaning  of  the  expression  “model  texts’’  so  as  to  include 
only  that  class  of  tablets  from  which  even  the  teacher’s  models 
were  copied.  In  other  words,  the  original  document  which 
furnished  the  text  for  the  school  exercises.  I have  not  called 
them  “the  original  texts’’  because  they,  too,  are  copies  of  other 
tablets  which  in  some  instances  must  have  been  even  older 
than  those  which  are  here  published. 


EDW.  CHI  ERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


47 


These  model  texts,  of  which  unfortunately  we  have  not  very 
many,  are  easily  to  be  distinguished  from  the  school  exercises 
above  discussed,  because  they  always  possess  all  of  these  special 
characteristics:  (i)  The  tablets  are  well  inscribed,  with  charac- 
ters well  spaced  and  uniform,  since  otherwise  they  could  and 
would  not  be  used  as  models.  (2)  They  are  always  baked, 
being  especially  designated  for  continuous  reference.  (3)  Each 
tablet  deals  with  the  same  subject  on  both  the  obverse  and 
the  reverse;1  the  columns  are  therefore  to  be  numbered  in  the 
proper  way,  i.  e.  those  of  the  reverse  will  always  run  from  right 
to  left.  (4)  The  tablets  are  generally  large,  having  been  made 
of  the  size  required  to  contain  the  complete  inscription. 

Texts  of  this  class  are  naturally  very  valuable,  and  it  is 
only  to  be  regretted  that  they  are  not  as  numerous  as  we  might 
desire.  In  Pt.  I cf.  Nos.  2,  4,  7,  37,  46,  62. 

IV.  The  Irregular  Texts 

In  this  last  group  I have  put  together  those  tablets  the 
chief  characteristic  of  which  is  that  they  depart  from  the  other 
school  texts  and  follow  the  accepted  rules  of  tablet  making. 
They  are  written  throughout  by  the  same  person;  the  tablets 
turn  regularly  on  the  lower  edge,  and  the  columns  of  the  reverse 
are  always  in  proper  rotation. 

Some  of  these  tablets  are  remarkably  similar  to  the  model 
texts,  but  they  differ  from  them  by  not  being  baked  (Pt.  I, 
41,  etc.);  in  some  instances  they  are  shown  to  be  exercises  by 
the  fact  that  they  do  not  include  the  whole  text,  but  only  a 
portion  of  it  (Pt.  I,  5;  Pt.  II,  35;  Pt.  Ill,  44,  46,  etc.);  the 

1 There  is  no  exception  to  this  rule  in  the  documents  published  in  this  volume;  note,  how- 
ever, that  HGT  No.  142  (cf.  GT,  p.  57)  contains  both  a list  of  phrases  composed  with  the  word 
“te”  and  paradigms  of  the  Sumerian  verb. 


48 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


pupil’s  work  is  also  betrayed  by  the  poor  handwriting  (Pt.  II, 
34),  or  by  the  bad  way  in  which  the  columns  are  divided  (Pt.  I,  5). 

Lastly,  some  other  school  exercises  are  easily  to  be  recog- 
nized as  such,  because  they  contain  the  same  portion  of  text 
repeated  over  and  over  again  (Pt.  Ill,  31,  33). 

In  closing,  it  will  not  be  superfluous  to  remind  the  reader 
that  the  classification  of  school  texts  which  is  given  above,  has 
been  based,  not  only  upon  the  documents  published  in  the  three 
parts  ot  this  volume,  but  also  on  the  study  of  a large  number 
of  other  school  texts,  now  in  the  University  Museum,  which 
have  been  assigned  to  me  for  future  publication. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


49 


TRANSLITERATIONS  AND  TRANSLATIONS1 


First  Tablet  of  the  Syllabary2 


1.  dninni-ur,3  “Ninni  is  fertile,” 

4.  I.  i J 47.  I.  3!  56,  1. 
Also  in  HLC;  HPN  (din- 
nanna-ur),  etc. 

2.  dninni-dug,  ‘‘Ninni  is  perfect” 

(var.  dninni-sag,  56,  2),  4, 
I,  2;  47,  I,  4.  Also  in  HPN 
(d innanna-ka) ; In.  II,  720, 
923,  IV;  BM  103403,  I,  15 
(in  CT  32,  36).  Cf.  nin-dug, 
in  Pt.  Ill,  and  lugal-dug, 
TC  19,  Obv. 

3.  dninni-ur-sag,  ‘‘Ninni  is  a war- 

rior,” 4,  I,  3;  (6,  I,  3); 

47,  I,  5;  (56,  3)-  Cf. 

Ingal-nr-sag,  ST  II. 


4.  din-i-li  (Abbrev.),  ‘‘The  choice 

of  god,”4 5  4,  I,  4;  (6,  I,  4); 
(20,  I,  1);  (47,  I,  6).  Cf. 
di-in-ili-Iu-mur  and  di-in- 
dsamas-lu-mur,  in  CPN. 

5.  din-i-U-a  (Abbrev.), ‘‘The  choice 

of  my  god,”  4,1,5;  (6,  1 , 5) ; 
20,  I,  2;  (47,  I,  7). 

6.  din-i-li-su  (Abbrev.),  ‘‘The 

choice  of  his  god,”  4,  I,  6; 
(6,  1,6);  20,  I,  3. 

7.  ir-BAR-anum,3  4,  I,  7;  6,  I,  7; 

(14,  I,  1);  20,  I,  4. 

8.  ir-BAR-e-a,  4,  I,  8;  5,  I,  1; 

(6,  I,  8);  (14,  I,  2);  20, 
I,  5- 


1 In  rendering  the  Sumerian  names,  1 have  adopted  the  transliteration  of  signs  given  by 
Delitzsch  in  his  Sutnerisches  Glossar,  (p.  XXV  f.  and  289  f.).  To  do  so,  I have  been  prompted 
by  the  desire  of  avoiding,  in  as  far  as  possible,  the  inevitable  confusion  which  arises  out  of  the 
use  of  many  different  systems  of  transliteration.  In  the  few  cases  in  which,  for  any  reason, 
I have  been  obliged  either  to  change  or  to  supplement  Delitzsch’s  renderings,  I have  called 
attention  to  the  fact  in  footnotes.  In  my  quotations  from  the  different  books,  I have  also  been 
obliged  to  change  somewhat  the  transliterations,  as  it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  have  all  signs 
rendered  in  a uniform  way.  Whenever  this  change  would  have  rendered  difficult  to  find  a name, 
especially  in  books  in  which  the  names  are  given  in  alphabetical  order,  either  the  original  trans- 
literation has  been  added  in  parentheses  ( ) or  the  quotation  is  made  to  refer  directly  to  the 
original  text. 

In  referring  to  the  tablets  of  this  volume,  1 have  included  in  parentheses  ( ) those  quotations 
in  which  the  names  are  badly  destroyed  or  otherwise  unreadable.  Wherever  any  questions  arise 
as  to  the  correctness  of  my  transliterations,  the  references  not  included  in  parentheses  should 
therefore  be  the  first  to  be  compared. 

2 Cf.  discussion  on  p.  24. 

3 Cf.  Huber,  HPN,  p.  113,  note  5. 

4 “Choice,  or  decision  in  favor  of;’’  cf.  MA  HBIV,  p.  259. 

5 The  three  names  are  Akkadian  or  Amoritic,  because  No.  8 is  composed  with  e-a. 


50 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


9.  ir-BAR-AK ,x  4,  I,  9;  5,  I,  2; 
(6,  1,9);  (14,  1,  3);  20,  I,  6. 

10.  dan-i-li  (Abbrev.),  “The  might 

of  god,”  4,  1,  10;  5,  I,  3; 
(6,  1,  10);  (14,  I,  4);  (cf. 
Nos.  245-7  and  612).  Also 
In,  II  779,  815;  LC.  Cf. 
dan-i-li,  Man,  A,  14,  4; 
da-an-i-li,  SAD  11,3;  da-an- 
anum,  VS  VIII  101,  18; 
dan-an-1  amurru  and  dan-an- 
dnergal,  in  CPN. 

11.  dan-i-li-a  (Abbrev.),  “The 

might  of  my  god,"  4,  I,  11; 
5,  1,4;  (6,  I,  11);  (20,  1,8). 

12.  dan-i-li-lu  (Abbrev.),  “The 

might  of  his  god,”  1 Rev. 
I,  3:4,  I.  12:5,  I.5;  6,  1,12; 
(20,  1,  9).  Cf.  dan-ili-su, 
VS  VIII,  17,  2. 

13.  ri-is-anum  (Abbrev.),  “First  is 

Ann  ,“2  1 Rev.  I,  4; 

4,  I,  13;  5,  I,  6;  6,  I,  13; 
(20,  I,  10).  Also  in  RPN, 
and  cf.  ri-es-ilu-rabu,  ri-is- 
e-ri-ib-su,  ri-is-na-pa-ah-su, 
ri-is(-es)arabu-lu-li(-hi),  ri- 
sat-i-na-se-ri-tim,  in  CPN. 

14.  ri-is-e-a  (Abbrev.),  “First  is 

Ea,”  1 Rev.  I,  5;  4,  I,  14; 

5,  1,7;  6,  I,  14;  20,  I,  ii. 
Cf.  ri-is-dsamas,  RPN. 


15.  ri-is-be-li  (Abbrev.),  “First  is 

my  lord,”  1 Rev.  I,  6;  5,  I, 
8;  (6,  I,  15).  Also  TD 
60  Obv.  7. 

16.  di-ma?-ik  (Abbrev.),3  5,  I,  9;  6, 

I,  16;  44,  1;  (51,  I,  1). 

17.  i-^a-ri-ik  (Abbrev.),  “He  has 

scattered,”  5,  I,  10;  6,  I,  17; 
44,  2 ; 51,  1,  2.4 

18.  be-lt-a-ri-ik,  “My  lord  has 

6,  I,  18;  44,  3;  (51,  1,  3). 
Also  SA,  1 (in  RA,  9,  p.  57). 
Cf.  be-U-a-rt(  = ER)-ik, 
GTD  5504  Obv.  I,  20  and 
TRU  1 81,  3;  i-{u-a-ri-ik 
in  GTD. 

19.  U-i{-gi  (Abbrev.),5 6  “The  storm- 

ing one”  (var.  ti-gis  6,  1,  19; 
ti-gi,  44,  4),  20,  II,  1; 

42  Rev.  II,  1 ; (51,  I,  4). 

20.  ti-i{-kar  (Abbrev.),  “Exalted 

....,”  6,  I,  20;  20,  II,  2; 
(26  Rev.  1 ) ; (42  Rev.  11,2); 
(44,  5);  (51,  I,  5).  Cf. 

ti-i{-kar-dsamas,  VS  VII, 
17,  16  ( = 26,  20);  VS  VIII 
27,  23;  30,  10;  te-i{-kar- 

dsamas,  VS  VIII,  33,'  5; 
VATh  705,  5 (in  OLZ  9, 
204);  ti-i{-ga-ru-um,  VS 
XIII  59  Rev.  1;  94  Rev. 
'5- 


‘On  the  sign  AK  cf.  p.  38. 

2 Ungnad’s  rendering  of  ri-is  as  “servant  of"  (Dilbat,  p.  128)  appears  doubtful  in  view  of 
the  fact  that,  in  the  names  above  quoted,  ri-is  clearly  refers  to  the  second  element  of  the  name. 
Cf.  also  dSamas-ri-is  VS  XIII  33  Obv.  3. 

3 The  sign  ma  appears  as  KU  in  some  of  the  text.  This  name  is  generally  badly  written 
and  uncertain.  The  three  names  of  this  group  are  p'robably  Amoritic. 

4 Duplicate  CBS  6380  has  i-ia-ik  (scribal  error). 

6 The  group  is  Amoritic. 

6 The  two  variants  might  be  scribal  errors. 


EDW.  CHI  ERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


51 


21.  1i-[iz\-kar-dda-gan,  “Exalted  is 

Dagan,”  2,  I,  1-2  ;L  6,  1, 
21-22;1  20,  II,  3;2  26  Rev. 
2;2  42  Rev.  II,  3 ;3  51,1,6. 
Occurs  also  in  a list  of 
Amoritic  names,  to  be  pub- 
lished in  Pt.  II,  No.  252. 

22.  e-pad-e  (Abbrev.),  “E-pad 

(var.  e-pad,  42  Rev.  II,  4 )4 5 6 
2,1,3;  (omitted  in  6,  I);  20, 
II,  4;  (26,  Rev.  3);  (51,  1,7). 

23.  e-IGI  + E-eb  (Abbrev.),  “E-u(g) 

....,”  1 Rev.  1 1,  1 ; 2,  I,  4; 
(omitted  in  6,  1);  20,  II,  5 ; 
(26  Rev.  4);  (42,  II,  5). 

Cf.  also  e-gi-dag-e  (written 
e-lGl-DAG-e)  in  TD  59 
Obv.  15. 

24.  e-e-ba-ab-du,  “The  temple  is 

made  beautiful,”  1 Rev. 
II,  2;  2,  I,  5;  (omitted  in 
6,  I) ; 20,  11,6;  26  Rev.  5. 
Cf.  e-e,  In.  II,  4596,  5818; 
e-e-a-na-ag,  TSA  47  Obv. 
IV,  3;  an-ni-ba-ab-du,  LAD, 
LBD,  etc.;  an-ni-ba-du,  ur- 


ri-ba-ab-du,  ur-ri-ba-du  in 
RTiih.0 

25.  a-[ur]  (var.  a-?,  2,  I,  6;  kal?-ur, 

1 Rev.  IE3)  (Abbrev.),  6,  I, 
23;  26  Rev.  6. 

26.  sag-ur  (var.  sag-?,  2,  I,  7) 

(Abbrev.),  1 Rev.  II,  4; 
6,  I,  24;  20,  1 1,  8;  26  Rev.  7. 

27.  ba-{ur  (Abbrev.),  1 Rev.  II,  5; 

2,  I,  8;  6,  I,  25;  20,  II,  9. 

28.  i-lu-{u  (Abbrev.),  “His  divinity 

. . .,”  1 Rev.  IE5;  (2,  I,  9); 
6,  I,  26;  20,  II,  10;  29,  I,  1). 

29.  i-lu-{u-ma  (Abbrev.),  “His  di- 

vinity truly  ” (var. 

i-lu-{u-nu,  1 Rev.  II,  7), 
2,  1,  10;  (6,  I,  27);  (14, 
II,  1);  20,  II,  1 1 ; 29,  1,2. 

30.  i-lu-iu-na-da,  “His  divinity  is 

exalted”  (var.  i-lu-{u-ma- 
na-da,  29,  I,  3;  i-lu-ma- 
na-da,  20,  II,  1 2) ;7  (1  Rev. 
II,  8);  2,  I,  1 1 ; (6,  I,  28); 
(14.  II-  2). 

31.  u-pa-kid  (Abbrev.),  “He  has 

appointed...,”8  (1  Rev.  II, 


1 The  name  is  spread  over  two  lines,  separated  by  an  horizontal  line,  and  both  preceded 
by  a perpendicular  wedge.  Cf.  discussion  on  p.  20. 

2 Only  ti-i{-kar  has  been  copied.  Cf.  p.  20. 

3 The  tablet  has  only  ti-i(-dda-gan?  (scribal  error). 

4 This  and  the  following  are  names  of  temples.  Cf.  e-pa(d)-da  in  SA1  7133.  The  vowel  e 
following  them  simply  indicates  that  both  names  are  subjects  of  sentences  which  here  have 
been  left  incomplete.  Cf.  No.  404. 

5 The  sign  IG1  + E has  the  phonetic  value  of  u (SAI  7052,  7062)  and  itg  (cf.  DSG1.). 

6 The  phonetic  value  du  for  the  sign  UL  is  given  by  the  name  lugal-an-ni-ba-dn,  written 
with  the  common  sign  du.  Cf.  Dehporte,  in  In.  IV,  7421.  • 

7 Probably  a scribal  error  for  preceding. 

8 This  name  is  probably  to  be  completed  by  the  addition  of  the  following  two.  In  this 
Syllabary,  the  three  names  of  each  group  are  always  related  to  each  other  in  some  way  (cf.  above, 
p.  3 1 f).  Should  we  have  to  separate  this  name  from  the  following,  there  would  be  no  discoverable 
relationship  in  the  group.  Moreover,  this  would  not  be  the  only  instance  in  which  one  name 
is  spread  over  two  lines  (cf.  above,  note  1). 

By  uniting  the  two  names  we  would  have:  “He  has  appointed  her  offerings”  (i.  e.  the  offer- 
ing of  Ishtar).  This  would  give  us  the  same  name  in  two  forms,  and  the  group  would  con- 
sequently contain  two  names  instead  of  three. 


52 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM— BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


9);  2,  I,  12;  4,  II,  i ; (14, 

II.  3);  (29.  I,  4);  (3 1 > I.  0- 

32.  ikribu(-bu)-sa  (Abbrev.),  “Her 

offerings,”1  (1  Rev.  II,  10); 
2,  I,  13;  4.  N,  2;  (5,  II.  1); 
(6,  II,  1);  (9,  1);  18,  2-4; 
(29,  1,  5);  (31,  I,  2). 

33.  ikribi-i s-tar  (Abbrev.),  “The  of- 

fering of  Ishtar"  (var.  ikribi- 
(-bi)-i s-tar,  4,  1 1,  3),  2,  I,  14; 
5,  11,2;  (6,  11,2);  (9,  2) ; 
(20,  111,  1);  (31,  I,  3). 
Also  VS  IX  30,  4.  Cf. 
GAZ -dsin,  BB,  RPN  and 
GAZ- XXX,  LC. 

34.  nig-du{g)-ga-ni,  “His  appointed 

one,”2  (2,  I,  15);  4,  11,4; 
5,  II,  3;  (6,  II,  3);  (9,  3); 
(20,  HI,  2);  (31,  I,  4); 
(49.  •-  0- 

35.  nig-dba-u,  “The  possession  of 

Bau,”  4,  II,  5 ; (5,  II,  4) ; 
(6,  11,4);  9,  4;  (20,  III,  3); 
31,  1,  5);  49,  I,  2.  Also 
TD 240bv. 4;  HPN;  In.  II, 
886;  931 ; IV,  7684;  ST  II. 
Cf.  ni{g)-ga-dba-ii,  which  al- 
so occurs,  but  is  much  rarer. 
HLC,  HPN,  and  especially 
ST  II. 

36.  ni(g)-ga-dnanna,  “The  posses- 

sion of  Nanna,”  4,  II,  6; 
(5,  II,  5);  (6,  II.  5);  (9,  5); 
(20,  III,  4);  (3.,  I,  6); 


49,  I,  3.  Also  LAD,  RPN. 
Cf.  Nig-dnanna,  VS  VI II, 
6,  Left  Edge. 

37.  sa-lim-a-bi,  “Perfect  is  Abi,”3 

4,  IL7;  (5,  11,6);  (6,  11,6); 

(9,  6);  49,  I,  4- 

38.  sa-lim-a-bi,  “Perfect  is  Ahi,” 

4,  11,8;  5,  III,  1;  (6,  11,7); 

(9,  7);  (21,  I,  1);  49,  I,  5; 
51,  11,  1;  cf.  sa-lim-a- 

bu-um,  BM  103398,  I,  14 
(in  CT  32,  19). 

39.  sa-lim-a-li,  “Perfect  is  Ali”  (var. 

sa-lim-a-lim,  55,  I,  1;  sa- 
lim-a-lim-a-lt-im,4  49,  I,  6; 
sa-lim-ni-a-ti,  1 Rev.  Ill,  1; 
9,  8;  sa-lim-N I-A-AS  4,  II, 
9);  5.  HI,  2 ;5  (6,  II,  8); 
(21,  I,  2);  51,  II,  2:  (53, 
L 1). 

40.  i-sur-anum ,6  “Anu  has  pro- 

tected,” 1 Rev.  Ill,  2;  4, 
II,  10;  5,  III,  3;  6,  II,  9; 
(9,  9);  (19,  I,  1);  (21,  I,  3); 
(49,  1,  7);  5 1 > II.  3;  (53- 
I.  2);  55-  I-  2. 

41.  i-sur-e-a,  “Ea  has  protected,” 

1 Rev.  Ill,  3;  4-  H,  11; 

3,  IIL4;  6,  II,  10;  (9,  10); 

(19,  I,  2);  49,  1,8;  51,  IL4; 
(53.  I-  3):  55-  I.  3- 

42.  i-sur-dIM,  “IM  has  protected,” 

1 Rev.  Ill,  4;  4,  II,  12; 

5,  II  I,  5;  6,  II,  1 1 ; (19,  I, 


1 Cf.  TNB  p.  320;  SAI  3278;  HR  31,  24e  (Br.  4724). 

2 Nig-du(g)-ga  = adannu. 

3 These  names  might  also  be  translated  “Safe  is  my  father,  safe  is  my  brother,”  but  the 
elements  abi,  abi,  are  probably  personifications,  and  do  not  refer  to  parental  relations.  The  subject 
will  be  discussed  in  connection  with  the  lists  of  Pt.  II. 

4 The  scribe  had  first  written  a-lim,  when  he  decided  to  write  the  name  in  full. 

6 Cf.  Warad-N I-A-AS  in  Pt.  II  No.  1474. 

6 1-}itr  for  is-sur. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


53 


3);  5i>  ii,  5;  (53.  1.  4);  55- 

I, 4- 

43.  dlu-lu-dan,  "Lulu  is  powerful” 

(var.  lu-lu-kArdan,1 2  7,  I,  1; 
lu-lu-dan,  5,  111,  6),  1 Rev. 
Ill,  5;  4,  II,  13;  (6,  II,  12); 
(19,  I,  4);  (49,  II,  2);  (51, 

II,  6);  (53,  I,  5);  55,  I,  5; 
(61,  I,  1). 

44.  dlu-lu-ba-ni,  "Lulu  is  creator” 

(var.  lu-lu-ba-ni,  1 Rev.  Ill, 
6;  5,  III,  7;  lu-lu-dan-ni, 

"Lulu  is  my  strength,”  7, 
I,  2),  (4,  II,  14);  (6,  IL  13); 
(19,  I,  5);  25  Rev.  I,  1; 
(53,  I,  6);  61,  I,  2.  Cf. 
lu-lu-ba-ni,  GTD  and  lii-lu- 
se-me,  VS  VIII  8,  25. 

45.  dlu-lu-eris,  "Lulu  has  planted” 

(var.  lu-lu-eris,  5,  III,  8; 
7,  I,  3),  1 Rev.  Ill,  7; 
(6,  II,  14);  (>9,  6); 

25  Rev.  I,  2;  (61,  I,  3). 

46.  nu-ur-i-li  (Abbrev.),  "The  light 

of  god,”  1 Rev.  Ill,  8; 
5,  III,  9;  (6,  II,  15);  7,  I,  4; 
22,  I,  1;  25  Rev.  I,  3; 

(49,  II,  1),  (61,  I,  4)  and 
cf.  Nos.  326-8.  Also  in 
RPN,  TD,  GTD,  HPN,  In. 
II  812,  etc.  Cf.  nur-e-a- 
sarru,  nuri-su-unammir , nur- 


li-mur  in  CPN  and  nu-n-t-l't, 
In.  IV,  78224 

47.  nu-ur-i-li-a  (Abbrev.),  "The 

light  of  my  god,”  1 Rev. 
Ill,  9;  (5,  III,  10);  (6, 

II,  16);  7,  I,  5;  (19,  I,  8); 
22,  I,  2;  (25  Rev.  I,  4); 
(49,  II,  2);  (61,  I,  5). 

48.  nu-ur-i-lt-su  (Abbrev.),  "The 

light  of  his  god,”  1 Rev. 

III, io;  (6,  II,  17);  7,  I,  6;3 
(19,  I,  9);  22,  I,  3;  (25  Rev. 
I,  5);  (49,  H,3);  (61,  L 6). 
Also  in  CPN,  RPN,  BB, 
PSBA  21  p.  1 59. 

49.  tab-i-li  (Abbrev.),4  1 Rev.  Ill, 

1 1 ; (6,  II,  18);  (19,  I,  10); 

22,  I,  4;  25  Rev.  I,  6; 

(29,  II,  1);  (49,  11,4);  (61, 

I,  7).  Also  In.  II  623;  BM 
103403,  Col.  Ill,  13  (in 
CT  32,  37),  etc.  Cf.  tab- 
sili-ili,  tab-sili-dmarduk,  tab- 
sari-1  amurru,  tab  - sari-'1 la- 
mas, tab-rigim-su,  tab-tu- 
kulti-su,  in  CPN. 

30.  tab-i-li-a  (Abbrev.),  1 Rev.  Ill, 
12;  6,  II,  19;  (19,  I,  11); 

22,  I,  3 ; 25  Rev.  I,  7;  (29, 

II, 2);  (49.11,5):  (6i,L8). 
51.  tab-i-H-su  (Abbr.),  6,  II,  20; 

(19,  I,  12);  (22,  I,  6); 


1 The  gloss  kur  refers  to  dlu-lu,  hut  not  to  the  pronunciation  of  the  name.  Cf.  CT  25,  1 1,  32 
and  Br.  10729  and  correct  the  readings  dNU,  dMAS. 

2 Cf.  Ungnad,  Dilbat,  p.  107,  note  5. 

3 Tablet  No.  7 Col.  1 has  the  gloss:  130  hi-pu-u  "destroyed.”  This  does  not  correspond 
with  the  Syllabary,  as  restored  from  the  other  texts,  because  only  twenty-four  names  should  be 
missing.  Cf.  discussion  at  p.  28  f. 

4 The  reading  tab  is  well  attested  by  the  many  instances  in  which  the  spelling  is  td-ab  in  RPN 
and  CPN.  These  three  names  are  abbreviated,  and  should  be  completed  as  “Good  is  the  pro- 
tection of  god,  good  is  the  help  of  god,  etc.” 


54 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


(25  Rev.  1,8);  (28,  1) ; (29, 

II,  3);  (61,  I,  9);1  (63 

Rev.  I,  1). 

52.  SU-EN-T I-DI , “The  gift  of 

Entidi”  (var.  SU-dEN-T[I- 
Dl },  28,  2),  6,  1 1,  21 ; (19,  I. 
13);  (22,  I,  7);  (29,  II,  4); 
(61 , I,  10) ; (63  Rev.  1,2); 
and  cf.  Nos.  384-6. 

53.  SU-dingir-ra ,2  “The  gift  of  god,’ 

6,  1 1,  22;  (22,  1,8);  (28,  3); 
61,  I,  11. 

54.  SU-dlugal,  “The  gift  of  Lugal,’’ 

6,  11,23;  (28,4);  (47,  II,  1); 
(53,  II,  1);  (61,  I,  12). 

Also  in  RTCh  372,  I,  5; 
AO  3317  (in  RA  V,  p.  97). 

55.  KI-IB-ZI,  6,  II,  24;  (21,  II,  1); 

28,  5 ; 47,  11,2;  53,  II,  2 ;3 4 
(61,  I,  13). 

56.  DI-IB-DI,  6,  II,  23;  21,  11,2; 

28,  6;  (31,  II,  1);  47,  II,  3; 
53-  11-  3- 

37.  DI-DA-NIp  6,11.26;  21,11,3; 
(28,  7);  (31,  II,  2);  47, 

11.  4;5  53,  11.4;  (55.  11.  0. 

58.  A-KU-DI,6  (6,  IE27);  21,11,4; 
(31,  II,  3);  (47,  II,  5); 

53,  II,  5;  (55,  11,2);  (57,  1). 


59.  A-KU-DI-MA,  5,  IV,  1;  (19, 

II,  1);  21,  II,  5;  (31,  II,  4); 
(47,  II,  6);  53,  II,  6;  55, 
II.  3!  (57.  2). 

60.  A-KU-ZU-NU,  (1  Rev.  IV,  1); 

3,  IV,  2;  (6,  III,  1);  19, 
II,  2;  31,  II,  5;  (55,  II,  4); 

57.  3-7 

61.  i-din-anum,  “Anu  has  given,” 

1 Rev.  IV,  2;  5,  IV,  3; 
6,  111,2;  19,  II,  3;  31,  11,6; 
57,  4.  Also  in  LBD,  RPN, 
ST  II,  etc.8 

62.  i-din-e-a,  “Ea  has  given,”  1 Rev. 

IV,  3;  5,  IV,  4;  6,  IIE3; 
19,  II,  4;  31,  II,  7;  (57,  5). 
Also  RPN.  Cf.  i-din-e-a, 
BL. 

63.  i-din-sin ,9  “Sin  has  given,” 

1 Rev.  IV,  4;  (2,  II,  1); 
5,  IV,  5 ; 6,  1 1 1,  4;  19,  1 1,  5 ; 
31,  II,  8;  57,  6.  Also  in 
LBD,  CPN,  RPN,  etc. 

64.  i-li-pu-ti  (Abbrev.),  “My  god, 

(protect?)  my  person!”10  1 
Rev.  IV,  5 ; (2,11,2);  5,  IV, 
6;  (6,  III,  5);  19,  11,  6; 
31,  IE9;  (61,  II,  1).  Cf. 
also  sa-lim-pu-ti,  BB. 


1 First  overlooked,  and  then  added  between  the  lines. 

2 Another  transliteration  could  be:  $U-dRA  ‘‘The  gift  of  RA.”  Cf.  discussion  in  Pt.  III. 

3 Written  di-ib-p  (scribal  error). 

4 The  three  names  are  Sumerian.  The  sign  DI  may  have  a phonetic  value  ending  in  d; 
• cf.  lugal-DI-da-ge  = be-el  di-ni  in  IV  R 2,  3c  (Br.  9526)  and  also  Br.  9522,  9528. 

5 Written  hi-da-ni  (scribal  error). 

6 A-KU  is  probably  the  name  of  a god;  cf.  dA-KU  = dSin  in  CT  19,  19,  2,  51  and  CT  25, 
49  Rev.  6.  Cf.  also  PB  61  and  dA-KU-ra-bi,  VS  VI 1 1 14,  40,  A-KU-i-lum,  Man.  C 14,  14,  D 14, 1 1. 
DI,  DI-MA  might  be  read  silirn,  silim-ma. 

7 Badly  written,  but  probably  same  as  the  others. 

8 T ransliterated : i-din-ilum. 

9 dSin  takes  here  the  place  of  the  usual  dIM.  Cf.  discussion  on  p.  39. 

10  Literally : ‘‘My  face,  my  front.”  The  group  is  probably  Amoritic. 


EDW.  CHI  ERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


55 


65.  \-li-ga-ti  (Abbrev.).  “My  god, 

(take?)  my  hand!”  1 Rev. 
IV,  6;1  (2,  II,  3);  5,  IV,  7; 
(6,  III,  6);  19,  II,  7; 

61,  II,  3-2  Cf.  bel-,  nabu-, 
dsamas-SU -sabat,  bel-SU- 
sabbatanni,  dsamas-SU -su- 
sabat  in  TNB;  cf.  also  RPN, 
p.  228,  note  4. 

66.  i-li-a-ti,  “I  have  found  my 

god,”3 4  1 Rev.  IV,  7;  (2, 

II,  4);  5,  IV, -8;  6,  III,  7; 
19,  II,  8;  (25  Rev.  II,  1); 
(61,  II,  3).  Cf.  a-gu-u-a-ti. 
No.  166. 

67.  di-wi-ir-a-bi  (Abbrev.)  2,  II,  5, 

(var.  di-bi-ir-a-bid  1 Rev. 
IV,  8;  5,  IV,  9;  (6,  III,  8); 
(8,  I,  1);  19,  1 1,  9;  (25  Rev. 
11,2);  61,11,4.). 

68.  di-wi-ir-a-bi  (Abbrev.)  2,  II,  6 

(var.  di-bi-ir-a-hi,  1 Rev. 
IV,  9;  5,  IV,  10;  (6,  III, 
9);  (8,  I,  2);  19,  II,  10; 
22,  1 1,  1 ; (25  Rev.  II,  3); 
61,  II,  5). 

69.  di-wi-ir-mu-ti  (Abbrev.)  2,  II,  7 

(var.  di-bi-ir-a-mu-ti, 
1 Rev.  IV,  10;  5,  IV,  11; 
(6,  III,  10);  (8,  I,  3);  19, 
1 1,  1 1 ; 22,  1 1,  2;  25  Rev. 
II,  4;  61,  II,  6). 


70.  ma-hir  (Abbrev.),  (1  Rev.  IV 

11);  2,  II,  8;  (8,  I,  4); 

(19,  II,  12);  (22,  II,  3); 

(25  Rev.  II,  5);  (60,  I,  1); 
61,  II,  7. 

71.  ma-ma-hir  (Abbrev.),5 6  2,  II,  9; 

(6,  III,  12);  (8,  I,  5); 

(19,  1 1,  13);  22,  11,4;  23  Rev. 
11,6;  (60,  1,2);  61 , 11,8. 
Cf.  ma-ma-nu-um{?) , CB. 

72.  ma-an-nu-um-ma-hir-su,  ‘‘Who 

is  equal  to  him?  ( = to  god)” 
(var.  ma-an-nu-um-ma,  10, 
I,  1 (?);  22,  II,  5;  ma-an- 
nu-nm-ma-hir,  25  Rev.  II,  7; 
(60,  I,  3);  ma-nu-um-ma- 
hir-su-nu,  2,  II,  10),  (6,  III, 
13);  8,  I,  6;  (19,  II,  14); 
(61,  II,  9).  Also  in  LBD, 
CBS  1243.  Cf.  ma-an-nu- 
um-ma-hi-ir-su,  RPN,  BB; 
ma-nu-um-hir-su,  LBD;  ma- 
nu-um , CB;  ma-a-nu-(u)- 
um,  RPN;  fern,  ma-an-na- 
tum,  BB;  and  No.  350; 
ma-an-na-su,  CBS  1271. 

73.  dnanna-men-gen,%  “Verily,  I am 

Nanna,”  2,  II,  1 1,  (8,  1,7); 
(10,  I,  2);  (19,  II,  13); 

(22,  II,  6);  (25  Rev.  II,  8); 
60,  I,  4.  Also7  in  LAD, 
5,  21,  LBD,  DTA,  II;  LC. 


1 Written  i-li-ub-ti  (scribal  error). 

2 Instead  of  the  sign  ga,  we  find  traces  of  one  which  might  be  ta  or  sa.  Probably  a scribal 
error. 

3 From  atii?  (Cf.  Ungnad,  Dilbat,  p.  123.) 

4 The  names  are,  in  all  probability,  Amoritic. 

6 An  abbreviation  of  the  name  which  follows,  and  to  be  restored:  ma-an-nu-um-ma-hir . 

6 Written  ME-DU.  The  sign  DU  “gen ’’  — anaku,  cf.  Br.  4871.  On  the  phonetic  value  of 
the  sign  DU  cf.  also  the  EM  E-SAL  me,  me-en  (Br.  4868-9).  Very  important  is  the  equation 
mc-e-gen= anaku,  in  SAI  7946. 

7 Always  written  ME-DU. 


56 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Cf.  d en-lil-me-DU , dnin-IB- 
me-DU  in  LBD. 

74.  dnanna-ia-e-me-en  (translated: 

sin  lu-u  a-na-ku,  7,  I,  7) 
(var.  <l  nanna- ^a-me-en,  2,  II, 
12),  “Verily,  thou  art 
Nanna,”1  (6,  III,  16) ;2  7,  I, 
8;  (8,  I,  8);  (10,  1,  4);  (19, 
II,  16) ; 22,  11,7;  (25  Rev. 
II,  10) ;2  (60,  1,5);  (63  Rev. 
II,  1).  VATh  1468,  1469 
(in  MAP  49). 

75.  dn anna- gu- gal  (translated:  sin 

a-sa-ri-id , 7,  1, 8),  “Nanna  is 
a leader,”  2,  II,  13;  (6,  111, 
1 5 ;3 4 5  7,  I,  9P  19,  II,  17; 

(omitted  in  22,  II);  25  Rev. 
II,  9 ;3  60,  I,  6;  63  Rev. 
11,2.  Also  in  LAD,  HPN. 
Cf.  d I M-gu-gal,  VS  IX,  200, 
7- 

76.  lugal-me-lam  (Abbrev.),  “The 

king  is  a fearful  splendor,” 
(2,  II,  .4);  (6,  III,  17); 


19,  1 1,  18;  22,  1 1, 8;  60,  1,  7; 
63  Rev.  11,3.  Also  in  LAD, 
HPN,  etc.  Cf.  lugal-me- 
lam-pu,  lu gal-me-lam-tu(gu) , 
lugal-me-lam-kis  in  the  names 
of  Pt.  III. 

77.  lugal-gaA  (Abbrev.),  “The  king 

is  the  thunder,”  (6,  III,  18) ; 
(22,  11,9);  60,  1,8;  63  Rev. 

II,  4.  Also  in  RTllh  75, 
Rev.  7;  BM  19740,  I,  22  (in 
CT  3,  31).  Cf.  Lugal-gar- 
an-ni,  In.  II,  2833,  and 
lugal-gar-an-na  in  Pt.  III. 

78.  lugal- LAG  A R+GUN  U-e,6 7  (6, 

III,  19);  60,  1,9;  63  Rev. 
II.  5.  Also  in  LAD,  ST  11 
65  Obv.  8. 

79.  GAR-bi,  6,  III,  20;  60,  I,  10; 

(63  Rev.  11,  6).  Cf.  gar- 
bi-KU,  RTllh  108,  II,  3. 

80.  URU-bid  6,  III,  21;  60,  I,  11; 

63  Rev.  II,  7. 

81.  ra-bi ,8  (6,  III,  22);  60,  I,  12; 


' The  translation  “Verily,  thou  art  Nanna,”  is  in  contradiction  to  the  interpretation  "Sin- 
lii-anaku”  of  text  7.  But  this  must  be  due  to  an  oversight  of  the  scribe,  and  we  should  refer  this 
gloss  to  the  name  d nanna-men-gen  which  is  now  omitted  in  text  7,  but  which  certainly  preceded 
it  in  the  document  of  which  No.  7 is  a copy.  While  the  element  men  is  common  to  the  pronouns 
of  the  first  and  second  person  singular  (cf.  Br.  10401-2,  SA1  7928,  7944  and  GT,  p.  42  ff.),  the 
element  1 belongs  only  to  those  of  the  second  person,  singular  and  plural.  Za-e  = atta,  atti  (Br. 
1 1762-3),  ia-e-me-en=atta  (Br.  1 1762),  attunu  (SAI  9038).  It  is  only  sufficient  to  glance  through 
the  long  list  of  pronouns  in  HGT  No.  152,  Cols.  VI— VI 1 1 (translated  and  commented  in  GT, 
p.  3 1 ff.)  to  recognize  that  there  are  no  exceptions  to  this  rule.  dN anna-^a-e-me-en  should  there- 
fore be  rendered  in  Akkadian:  Sin-lu-u-al-ta. 

2 Placed  after  “■nanna- git- gal. 

3 Precedes  dnanna-{a-me-en. 

4 Text  7,  I,  has  here  the  gloss:  6 hi-pu-u.  This  is  correct,  because  the  next  name  given  is 
No.  81. 

5 Pt.  Ill  No.  207  has  lugal- KAM.  The  other  two  names  are  the  same. 

6 The  sign  LAGA  R-GUN  U has  probably  the  phonetic  value  sig  (cf.  Scheil,  Recueil  de  Signes, 
No.  63,  and  Hussey,  ST  II,  index).  In  the  documents  it  is  variously  written,  and  sometimes 
appears  like  UD-\-GUNU . 

7 The  sign  for  uru  is  TE+GUNU.  Cf.  DSGI.  p.  50. 

8 This  name  is  Sumerian,  because  the  others  are  Sumerian  (cf.  p.  32). 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


57 


63  Rev.  II,  8.  Also  in  BE', 
XV  198,  52.  Cf.  ra-bt, 

RTllh  5,  X,  13;  121,  IV,  13; 
Nic.  11,  II,  1 . 

82.  na-bi-en-lil,  “The  one  who  calls 

upon  Enlil,”1  (6,  III,  23); 
7,  1 1,  1 1 ; 60,  1 , 1 3 ; (63,  Rev. 
II,  9).  Also  in  LAD,  LBD, 
BB,  etc. 

83.  na-bi-dsin,  “The  one  who  calls 

upon  Sin,”  (6,  III,  24); 
7,  I,  12;  (30,  I);  (34,  I,  1); 
60,  I,  14.  Also  LAD,  BB, 
RPN,  CBS  1287.  Cf.  na-bi- 
dsin,  AO  3488  (in  RA,  5, 
p.  94). 

84.  na-bi-i-li-su,  “The  one  who  calls 

upon  his  god,”  (6,  III,  25); 
7,  I,  13;  (30,  2);  (34,  I,  2); 
60,1,15.  Also  in  LAD,  BB, 
RPN,  etc. 

85.  a-mur-ga-{a,  “I  see  thy  hand,” 

(5,  V,  1);  7,  I,  14;  30,  3; 
31,  III,  1 ; (34,  I,  3 );2  60, 
I,  16.3  Cf.  the  fem. 
a-ta-mar-kat-sa  in  CPN. 

86.  a-mur-se-ri-fa,  “I  see  her  pun- 

ishment,” 5,  V,  2;  7,  I,  1 5 ; 
30,  4;  31,  III,  2;  (34,  I,  4); 
(60,  1,  17).  Also  CBS  1137. 
Cf.  the  fem.  se(si)-ri-%a-a- 
mur  in  CPN. 


87.  a-mur-se-ri-ii-is-tdr,  “I  see  the 

punishment  of  Ishtar,”  5, 
V,  3;  (6,  IV,  2);  7,  I,  16; 
(30,  5);  31,  III,  3 ;4 5 * *  (34, 
I,  5);  (60,  I,  18). 

88.  se-li-bu-um  (Hyp.),  “Pox,”  5, 

V,  4;  (6,  IV,  3);  7,  I,  .7; 
(30,6);  31,  111,4;  (34.  1.6). 
Also  in  RPN,  HLC,  RTCh 
365,  I,  4,  etc.  Cf.  se-li-bn, 
CPN,  LC;  se-i-li-bi  (gen.), 
BB. 

89.  se-li-bu-sa,  “Her  fox,”  (5,  V,  5); 

(6,  IV,  4);  (7,  I,  18);  (30,  7); 
31,  HI,  5;  (34,  I,  7).  Cf. 
se-li-bi-ia,  LC;  se-i-li-bi-ia, 
VS  VII,  154,  33. 

90.  se-li-Iib  (var.  li-li,  60,  II,  1), 

(5,  V,  6);  (6,  IV,  5);  7,  I, 
19;  34,  I,  8. 

91.  mu-tum-el  ( = AN),  5,  V,  7; 

6,  IV,  6;  7,  I,  20;  (34,  1,9); 
60,  II,  2.  Also  in  LBD, 
RPN.  Cf.  mu-tu-um-el,  BM 
97526,  12  (in  CT  33,  49); 
mu-tu-me-el,  RPN ; mu-tu-el, 
Strass.  Warka,  38,  31;  mu- 
ii-el,V SVII  128,  3;  mu-tu- 
dIM,CPN  ;mu-ti-e-kur, CPN ; 
mu-tu-ba-ni? , RPN ; mu-ti- 
ba-as-ti  (fem.),  KB  IV  p.  46, 
I,  1;  mu-ti-a-hi,  CBS  1221. 


1 For  the  translation  cf.  Ungnad,  Dilbat,  p.  89,  note  4. 

2 The  text  has  a-mur-ga-s[e\-ri-.  . . . The  scribe  had  begun  to  write  ga-{a  and  then  mixed 
it  with  the  following  name. 

3 The  text  has  a-mur-se-ri-^a;  here,  too,  the  name  which  follows  has  been  substituted  through 
error. 

4 Written  a-mur-IT-is-tar.  This  might  be  a scribal  error,  but  it  cannot  be  excluded  that 
it  may  represent  a variant;  in  this  case  the  name  would  be  translated  “I  see  the  hand  of  Ishtar.” 

5 An  abbreviation  of  se-li-ib-i-U?  Li-li,  also  found  in  RTllh  16412,  III,  12,  if  not  a 

scribal  error,  may  be  a further  abbreviation  of  the  same  name,  and  has  probably  nothing  to 

do  with  lilii,  the  name  of  a class  of  demons. 


58 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


92.  mu-tum-e-lum,  5,  V,  8;  6,  IV,  7; 

(7,  1,  21);  (34,  I,  10);1 

60,  II,  3. 

93.  mu-ra-nu-um  (Hyp.),  “Foal, 

cub,”  5,  V,  9;  (6,  IV,  8); 
(10,  II,  1);  (34,  I,  11); 
(60,  II,  4).2  Cf.  mu-ra-nu, 
CPN,  TRU  267 , 19. 

94.  i-tur-anum,3  “Anu  has  become 

merciful,”  3,  V,  10;  6,  IV,  9; 

10,  II,  2;  (34,  I,  12);  (60, 

11,  5)-4 

93.  i-tur-e-a,  “Ea  has  become  merci- 
ful,” 5,  V,  11;  6,  IV,  10; 
io,  II,  3;5  (60,  1 1,  6.)6 

96.  i-tur-lM , “IM  has  become 

merciful,”  (3,  V,  12);  6, 

IV,  11;  10,  II,  4;  (60, 

IF  7)-7 

97.  li-tur  (Abbrev.),  “May  he  be- 

come merciful!”  6,  IV,  12; 
60,  II,  8. 

98.  li-tur-ru  (Abbrev.),  “May  they 

become  merciful”  (var.  li- 
tur -r  a,  6,  IV,  13),  60,  II,  9. 

99.  li-tur-ru-ni ? (Abbrev.),  “May 


they  become  merciful,”  (6, 
IV,  14);  60,  II,  10. 

100.  me-ab{u-ta ,8  “The  oracle  from 

the  deep,”  6,  IV,  15;  60, 

II,  11. 

1 01.  me-an-ta,  “The  oracle  of  Anu” 

(var.  [me\-dIM,  6,  IV,  16), 
60,  II,  12. 

102.  me-[dur]-an-ki,  “The  oracle  of 

Duranki”  (var.  dur-an-ki, 
6,  IV,  17),  (8,  II,  1); 

60,  II,  13.  Cf.  dingir-dur- 
an-ki,  PB  and  en-me-dur- 
an-ki,  “The  oracle  lord  of 
Duranki,”  the  name  of  the 
seventh  prediluvian  king;  = 
(HT  p.  86). 

103.  ses-ba-tu(gu),  “Shesh  has  a por- 

tion”9 6,  IV,  18;  (8,  11,2); 
60,  II,  14. 

104.  ses-ka{l)-la,  “Shesh  is  power- 

ful,” 6,  IV,  19;  (7,  II,  1); 
(8,  1 1 , 3) ; 60,  II,  15.  Also  in 
LBD,  SAD,  HLC,  HPN, etc. 
103.  ses-ki-lu(l)-la,  “Shesh  is  de- 
struction,”10 6,  IV,  20;  (7, 


1 Written  mu-tum-a?-li? . The  group  is  Amoritic. 

2 Very  badly  written,  but  probably  same  as  the  others. 

3 Br.  3329.  Cf.  RPN,  p.  233,  note  10. 

4 Written  i-anum  (scribal  error). 

5 Between  the  lines  containing  i-tur-e-a  and  i-tiir-dI M this  text  has  the  sign  IGI;  to  be  read 
i-tur-lim?.  Cf.  the  Amor.  i-tur-H-i[m],  in  Pt.  II  No.  256. 

6 The  signs  i and  tur  have  been  written  one  above  the  other,  and  therefore  appear  as  one 
sign.  The  whole  tablet  is  unreliable. 

7 The  sign  IM  is  very  badly  written,  and  appears  somewhat  like  TUM . Cf.  preceding  notes. 

8 Written  me-fu-ab-ta. 

9 The  ba  might  also  be  a verbal  prefix  of  the  passive  theme.  Cf.  following  note. 

10  Ki-lul  = sakkastu  “murderess,”  the  personification  of  pestilence.  Therefore  Huber’s  trans- 
lation of  the  name  as  “Der  Bruder  ist  Unheil”  seems  hardly  right.  Note  that  ki-lu(l)-la  is  always 
used  in  conjunction  with  feminine  elements  such  as  a-a-,  ama,  nin-,  (HPN).  Moreover,  a list 
of  names  composed  with  ses  is  an  exact  counterpart  of  a list  formed  with  the  element  nin  (Pt.  HI, 
No.  50).  These  facts  would  point  to  the  conclusion  that  the  ideograph  ses,  besides  denoting  a 
male  protecting  deity,  may  also  represent  a female  demon.  The  name  a-hi-sa-gt-is  (No.  430) 
is  probably  a translation  of  ses-ki-lu(l)-la.  A more  complete  discussion  will  be  given  in  Pt.  III. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


59 


II,  2);  (8,  II,  4);  6o,  II,  1 6. 
Also  in  LB D 44,  25;  HPN, 
In.  11,855.  Cf.  ses-ki-lu-la, 
LC,  BB:  ama-ki-lu-lu(l)-la 
and  nin-ki-lu(J)-la  in  HPN. 

106.  lu-e-a  (Abbrev.)  “Verily,  he  is 

eternal”1  (var.  lugal-e-a,  60, 
II,  17),  6,  IV,  21 ; 7,  II,  3; 
8,  II,  5.  Also  in  HLC  pi. 
100  No.  402  Rev.  5;  HPN; 
TRU  267,  15;  VS  VII  1 13, 
13;  ST  II. 

107.  lu-da-ri  (Abbrev.),  “Verily,  he 

is  eternal,”2  7,  II,  4.  Also 
in  VS  VIII  4,  34.  Cf .ilu-, 
sarru-,  be-lt-lu-da-ri  in  RPN 
and  TNB. 

108.  lu-sa-lim  (Abbrev.),  “Verily, 

he  makes  safe”3  (var.  lu-sa- 
lim,  7,  II,  5;  lugal-sa-lim, 
60,  II,  18),  (6,  IV,  22); 
8,  II,  6.  Also  in  GTD, 
5498  Rev.  II,  5576  Rev.; 
TD  50,  etc.4  Cf.  lu-sa-lim 
VS  VII  5,  14  ( = 6,  15); 
lu-sa-lim-be-li,  RPN. 

109.  lu-me-lam  (Abbrev.),  “Verily, 

he  is  a fearful  splendor”5 
(var.  lu-i-mi-ti ,6  7,  II,  6; 
lugal-me-lam,  60,  III,  1;  6, 
IV,  23).  Cf.  i-li-i-mi-ti, 


sin-i-mi-ti  in  RPN;  ir-ra- 
i-mi-ti  in  LAD. 

no.  d sin-re  u , “Sin  is  a shepherd,” 
(6,  IV,  24);  7,  II,  7;  60, 
III,  2.  Also  in  LAD,  RPN, 
VS  VII  20,  15. 

in.  J sin-ri-me-ni,  “Sin  is  merciful,” 
(6,  IV,  25);  7,  II,  8;  60, 
III,  3.  Also  LAD,  HPN 
(seals);  BB. 

1 12.  dsin-ri-{u-su,  “Sin  is  his  help,” 

(6,  IV,  26);  7,  II,  9;7  60, 
III,  4. 8 Cf.  names  under 
risu  in  CPN,  p.  196. 

1 13.  e-a-ba?-ni,  “Ea  is  creator,” 

(2,  III,  1);  60,  III,  5. 

Also  in  LBD,  GTD;  In.  II, 
715,  etc. 

1 14.  e-a-ga?-mil?  “Ea  spares,”  (2, 

III,  2);  60,  III,  6. 

115.  e-a- . . . , (2,  III,  3) ; 60,  III,  7. 

1 16.  i-tul-anum,  “Anu  has  looked 

upon”  (var.  u-[tul-anum\,9 

2,  III,  4),  (34,  H,  1);  60, 

1 1 1 , 8.  Cf . li-tul-ilum,  u-tul- 
istar,  u-tul-lIma-mi,  in  RPN. 

1 17.  i-tul-e-a,  “Ea  has  looked 

upon,”  (34,  11,2);  60,  111,9- 

118.  i-tul-lM,  “IM  has  looked 

upon,”  34,  II,  3;  60,  III, 

io.10 


1 Or,  “May  he  be  eternal.’’  This  and  the  following  three  names  are  discussed  at  length 
on  p.  30  f. 

2 This  is  another  Akkadian  form  of  the  preceding  name.  Cf.  p.  31  and  note  2. 

3 Or,  “May  he  be  safe.” 

4 Always  transliterated  awil-sa-lim. 

6 “The  man  is  splendor”  is  also  grammatically  possible,  but  cf.  p.  3 1 . 

6 Akkadian  translation  of  lu-me-lam. 

7 After  dsin-ri-fu-su  7,  1 1 has  the  gloss:  9 hi-pu-u. 

8 Very  badly  written:  d Sin-ri-e-im? . 

9 “Look  upon,  O Anu!”. 

10  The  sign  IM  has  been  left  out  for  lack  of  space. 


60 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


1 19.  ib-ni-anum,“  Anu  has  created,” 

34,  11,4;  60,  1 1 1,  11.1  Also 
in  RPN,  HPN,  TD,  70 
Obv.  4,  TRU  14,  17.2  Cf. 
ib-ni-e-lum,  LC. 

120.  ib-ni-e-a,  “Ea  has  created.” 

34,  II,  5 ; (48,  1 ) ; 60,  111, 
12. 1 Also  in  LBD,  BE  XV, 
RPN,  In.  II,  778. 

121.  ib-ni-lM , ”IM  has  created,” 

34,  II,  6;  (48,  2);  60,  III, 
1 3-1 

122.  u-bar-ru-um3  (Abbrev.),  7,  II, 

11;  (34,  II,  7);  (48,  3); 

60,  III,  14.  Also  CPN, 
RPN,  EBD,  etc.  Cf.  u-bar, 
In.  IV,  8109. 

123.  u-bar-ru-ni  (Abbrev.),  7,  11,  12; 

(34,  II,  8);  (48,  4);  60, 

111,  13. 

124.  u-bar-1  sin  (var.  u-bar-ru- sin, 

60,  III,  16),  7,  II,  13;  (34, 
II,  9);  (36,  I,  1);  (48,  5). 
Also  in  RPN.  Cf.  u-bar- 
XXX,  VS  VII  37,  24. 

125.  tas-me-tum  (Abbrev.),  “She  has 

heard”  (var.  tas-mi-tum,  7, 
II,  14),  (36,  1 , 2 ; 60,  III, 
17).  Cf.  anu-tas-me-{i-ik-ri , 

I HR.  68,  31c. 

126.  tas-me-a-ni  (Abbrev.),  “She  has 

heard  me,”  7,  II,  15;  36,!,  3. 


127.  tas-me-is-tar,  “Ishtar  has 

heard,”  7,  II,  16;  (36,  1,  4). 

128.  da-ba- ,4 5  7,  II,  17;  (36, 

I,  5);  (52,  I,  1);  60,  IV,  3. 

129.  d a-ba-ri-mi-it  (Abbrev.),  “Aba 

is  the  shelter”  (var.  [J a-ba ]- 
ri-me-it,  60,  IV,  4),  7,  II,  18; 
(36,  1,6);  (52,  I,  2).  Cf.  na- 
di-a-ba-ri-mi-it,  CBS  1288. 

130.  d a-ba-ri-sa-at  (Abbrev.),  “Aba 

is  the  first  one,”  7,  II,  19; 
(36,  I,  7);  (52,  I,  3);  (59, 
1);  (60,  IV,  5).  Cf.  dA- 
A-ri-sa-at  in  RPN. 

131.  dsamas-ra-bi,  “Shamash  is 

great,”  7,  1 1,  20;  (36,  1,8); 
59,  2;  (60,  IV,  6).  Also  in 
RPN,  LC,  BB. 

1 32.  dsamas-tab, 6 “Shamash  is  good,” 

(36, 1,9);  59. 3;  (60,  IV,  7). 

133.  dsamas-ba-ni,  “Shamash  is 

creator,”  36,  I,  10;  59, 

4;  (60,  IV,  8).  Also  in 

RPN,  LBD,  BB.  Cf.  ba-ni- 
dsamas,  BB. 

134.  ur-KUR-SU L-a,  “The  servant 

of  Kurshul,”  (36,  I,  1 1 ) ; 
59,  3;  (60,  IV,  9). 

135.  ur-ki-dagal-la,  “The  servant 

of  kidagal  ( = the  large 
place),”6  36,  I,  12;  59,  6; 
(60,  IV,  10).  Cf.  ur-ki- 


1 This  and  the  following  two  names  have  been  written:  ib-anum,  ib-e-a,  ib-dIM.  In  all  of 
the  three  cases  this  is  due  to  an  oversight  of  the  scribe. 

2 In  all  quotations,  transliterated  as  ib-ni-ilum. 

3 U-bar  is  probably  a verbal  element.  Cf.  the  following  group,  which  is  identical  in 
formation. 

‘‘Text  60,  IV,  3 gives  a portion  of  the  last  sign,  which  might  be  at.  7,  II,  18  has  traces 
of  the  first  two  signs,  but  they  are  blurred.  To  be  restored  sar-ha-at  or  sar-ra-at ? 

5 Tdbum,  in  the  lists  of  Pt.  II,  is  always  written  td-bu-um. 

6 Ki-dagal  is  probably  the  same  as  ki-gal.  The  three  elements  of  this  group  may  be  Identical 
in  meaning. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


61 


gal-la,  In.  II,  91 1;  lugal-ki- 

AO  3484  Obv.  (in  RA  5, 

gal-la,  DP  19 1,  III;  ST  II. 

p.  94)  a-gu-ia,  BL;  and 

136.  ur-bi-mag,  “The  servant  of 

(fern.)  a-gu-u-ia,  LC. 

Bimag”  (var.  ur-bi-mag,1  60, 

166. 

a-gu-u-a-ti,  “I  have  found 

IV,  1 1),  36,  I,  13;  59,  7. 

Agu,”  36,  II,  7;  (52  Obv.  3). 

137.  sa-ad-a[n-na]2 3 4 5  (var.?  sa-DUM- 

Cf.  i-li-a-ti;  No.  66. 

an-na,  60,  IV,  12),  36,  I,  14. 

167. 

a-gu-u-a-in-ma-ti,  “My  Agu 

Cf.  lit-sa-ad?-.  . . Bu  91- 

is  the  eye  ( = light)  of  the 

5-9,  476  1.  20  (in  CT  6, 

land,”  36,  II,  8;  (52  Obv. 

3')- 

4).  Cf.  dsamas-i-in-ma-tim, 

138.  la-ad-ana?  (var.?  sa-DU M-ana, 

dsamas-lGl-ma-tim,  dsin-i- 

60,  IV,  13),  36,  I,  15. 

im-ma-tim,  etc.,  in  RPN. 

139.  sa-ad-an-ki  (var.?  sa-DUM- 

168. 

is-bu-um  (Hyp.)  “Sprout,”  52 

an-ki,  60,  IV,  14),  36,  I, 

16. 

Obv.  5. 

7 

4 

189. 

\-li-a m-ra-an-[ni\ ,“  My  god,  look 

160 -a,  36,  1 1,  1 . 

at  me!”8  35,  1.  Also  AO 

161 -ti,  36,  11,  2. 

4664  (in  RA  8,  69).  Cf. 

162 -d . . . . ?,  36,  IP3. 

i-lt-am-ra-ni , VS  VII  1,  8; 

163 -dninni,  36,  II,  4. 

PSBA  29,  277. 

164 -dlama?  36,  II,  5;  52 

190. 

i-lt-as-ra-an-ni,  “My  god,  make 

Obv.  1. 

me  prosper”  33  2.  Also 

165.  a-gu-u-a,  “My  Agu,”6 7  36,  II, 

in  VS  XIII  2 Rev.  2.  Cf. 

6;  (52  Obv.  2).  Also  in 

i-li-as-r a-ni , TRU  157,  15. 

LAD,  LBD.  Cf.  a-gu-a, 

191 . 

i-lt-sar-ra-an-ni , 35,  3. 

1 If  not  due  to  a scribal  error,  the  variant  would  ascertain  the  right  value  of  the  sign  NE. 

2 The  first  element  of  the  name  is  to  be  read  in  Sumerian,  because  an-na  and  an-ki  are  cer- 
tainly Sumerian.  Sa-ad  might  be  an  unusual  value  of  the  sign  KUR.  Cf.  5s,  V,  13.  In  any 
case,  1 do  not  believe  that,  in  these  names  at  least,  we  can  interpret  SA-AD  as  sat,  the  feminine 
of  su  (cf.  RPN,  p.  245,  note  9).  The  variant  sa-DUM  is  not  certain,  since  No.  60  is  a very 
unreliable  text.  That  might  be  the  sign  AD  left  incomplete. 

3 Something  might  be  lacking  after  the  sign  AN.  The  text  is  unreliable. 

4 Text  36  leaves  here  a gap,  which,  however,  cannot  be  large  enough  to  include  the  group 
following  (Nos.  189-209).  Some  numbers  have  been  jumped  so  as  to  permit  the  insertion  of 
new  fragments,  should  they  be  discovered. 

5 The  name  of  this  god  has  been  read  in  Sumerian,  because  the  preceding  “ ninni  clearly 
shows  that  the  group  was  Sumerian. 

6 Or,  “My  crown.”  Cf.  da-gu-u,  1 1 1 R 66,  Obv.  14a  (Br.  1 3760)  and  1 VR  35,  No.  8.  i ; Cf.  PB  18. 

7 A gap,  the  exact  length  of  which  is  impossible  to  estimate  with  precision.  The  mere  fact 
that  52  Rev.  follows  52  Obv.  is  not  sufficient  to  decide  that  this  section  must  follow  the  pre- 
ceding one.  This  is  established,  however,  by  comparison  of  the  other  tablets,  and  especially 
through  No.  7. 

8 This  group  present  difficulties  in  grammar.  We  should  have  expected  a-mur-an-ni  and 
i-sir-an-ni.  The  names  are  probably  Amoritic.  Cf.  Pt.  II  Nos.  346-51. 


62 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


192.  ga-la-dba-u,  “The  portion  of 

Bau,”  35,  4.  Also  in  HPN, 
In.  II  920. 

193.  ga-la-ama-a-LU-MUS}  35,  5; 

52,  11,  1 . 

194.  ga-la-1  ab-ba-u2  “The  portion 

of  Abbau,’’  35,  6;  52,  II,  2. 

195.  sib-sa-a^ag-gi-pa{d)-da,  “Shep- 

herd, called  ‘pure  heart,’”3 
35-  7;  52,  II-  3-  Cf. 

sa-a^ag-gi,  11LC,  ST  11,  BM 
103436,  111,  6 (in  CT  32, 
12);  en-sd-aiag-gi,  TRU  112, 
5.6,  In.  11,  728,  906;  sib- 
da-urii-sd-a{ag-gi,  In.  IV 
7384;  dingir-sd-gi-pd{d)-da, 
In  IV  7557;  ge'me-sa-gi- 
pa(d)-da,  RTllh  130,  I,  2. 

196.  s'ib-m(g)-gi-na,  “The  shepherd 

of  righteousness,”4  (23,  II, 

0;  52.  II,  4- 

197.  stb-mu-ge-me-en,  “My  shep- 

herd truly  art  thou!”5  (23, 
II,  2);  52,  II,  5. 

198.  sa(g)-ba,  7,  III,  2;6  23,  II,  3; 

52,  II,  6. 

199.  sa(g)-ba-ba,  7,  III,  3;7 8  23, 

11,4;  52,  1 1 , 7. 

200.  sa{g)-ba-mu,  (7,  III,  4);  23, 

II,  5;  52,  11,8. 


201.  i-sar-ka?-ab? , 23,  II,  6.  Cf. 

i-sar-a-hi,  In.  IV,  7001  ; i-sar- 
ba-dan  ( = pa-da-an , cf.  be- 
low), In.  II  801;  ST  II; 
TRU  10,  13;  23,  51;  i-sar- 
be-lt,  TRU  115,9;  i-sar-dIM, 
ST  II;  i-sar-li-im,  LC;  i-sar- 
pa(d)-da  (var.  i-sar-pa-da- 
an-el),  RT  31,  p.  133; 
i-sar-ra-ma-as,  TRU  182,  10; 
i-sar-dsama$,  VS  VIII  14,  40; 
17,  23.* 

202.  i-sar-si?-ma-an-ni,  23,  II,  7. 

203.  i-sar-di?-di?-e? , 23,  11,8. 

204.  ga-ba-ba-a-a ,9  23,  II,  9.  Cf. 

ga-ba-ba,  RTllh  159,  V,  24, 
VII,  10;  ADD;  ur-ga-ba-ba, 
SAD  p.  90. 

205.  ga-ba-a-a,  23,  II,  10.  Also 

Amarna  107,  16  (in  CPN). 

206.  ga-ba-mu,  23,  II,  11.  Also 

BM  13138,  Rev.  11  (in  CT 
7,  22);  TRU  21,  5.10. 

207.  lii-dnanna,  “The  man  of  Nan- 

na,”  23,  II,  12.  Also 
LAD,  BAD,  HLC,  HPN, 
etc. 

208.  lu-dninni(?),  “The  man  of  Nin- 

ni,”  23,  II,  13.  Also  HLC, 
GTD. 


1 The  last  two  signs  are  uncertain. 

2 dab-ba-ii  is  also  found  in  Reisner,  Hymns  1 12,  35.  (PB  124.)  It  is  probably  the  same  as 
dAB-U  who  may  be  identical  with  dab-ba  (cf.  CT  24,  16,  17  and  ibid.  28,  72). 

3 All  the  three  names  refer  to  god,  and  may  therefore  be  considered  as  abbreviated. 

4 Dingir-nt(g)-gi-na  = Kit-turn,  IVR  28,  27a. 

6  Or,  “May  thou  be!” 

6 7,  111,2  has  the  gloss  ab.  Sab?. 

7 Under  the  name  sa(g)-ba-ba  we  find  here  the  sign  pad.  Is  this  a gloss,  like  the  preceding? 

8 All  these  names  are  Amoritic. 

9 Note  that,  contrary  to  the  usual  practice,  the  longest  name  is  given  first  place;  this  may 
suggest  that  the  first  is  the  more  complete  form  of  the  name,  and  that  the  following  is  an 
abbreviation  of  it. 


EDW.  CHI  ERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


63 


209.  Iu-dlama,  “The  man  of  Lama,” 
23,  II,  14.  Also  HPN,  etc. 


230.  bad-ligir(Br.6g66)-ligir-kaIam- 

ma ,1 2  58,  1. 

231.  bad-uru-na-mu-un-gi-en,  “The 

wall  of  his  city  he  has  made 
firm,”  (39,  1,  0;  58,  2. 

232.  bad-uru-na-mu-un-gi-en,  “The 

wall  of  his  city  he  has 
made  firm,”3  58,  3 (var.  bad- 
urukl'na-mu-un-gi-[en\ ,4  39, 

1,  2). 

233.  e-ku-un-DAR  (var.  i-ku-un- 

[. DAR ],  7,  IV,  11),  39,  1,  3; 

38,  4. 

234.  e-si-in- DAR  (var.  i-si-im- 

[ DAR ] 7,  IV,  12), 5 6 39,  1,  4; 
5; 

235.  e-M A-SU-a  (var.  e-ku-mu- . . . 

39,  I,  5),  (23,  111,  1);  58,  6. 
Cf.  ur-MA-GIS-SU-a,  LBD 
6,  25;  49,  4;  LAD  82,  23; 
92,  25;  93,  13. 

236.  dka-a{-ba-a-a  (Hyp.)  (var.  dga%- 

ba-a-a,  7,  IV,  14),  23,  III,  2; 
38,  7.  Cf.  Nos.  32,  33. 

237.  dka-a{-ba-ri-me-it  (Abbrev.) 

(var.  d ga{-ba-[ri-me-it\,  7,  IV, 
15),  “Kazba  is  the  shelter,” 

23,  IIL3;  58,8- 

238.  dka-a{-ba-ri-sa-at  (Abbrev.) 


(var.  d ga{-ba-[ri-sa-at ],  7,  IV, 
16),  “Kazba  is  the  first 
one,”  23,  1 1 1 , 4;  58,  9. 

239.  e-til-pi- 6 (var.  e-te-e[l\- 

. . . . , 23,  III,  5),  7,  IV,  17. 
Cf.  e-tel-pu,  VS  VII  57,  1 1 ; 
134,  32;  20,  14,  which  has 
the  var.  (in  the  seal)  e-tel- 
pi-anum;  e-tel-bi-  marduk,  VS 
VII  123,  12;  124,  13.  Cf. 

also  names  beginning  with 
e-til-pi-.  . . in  CPN  and  e-tel- 
bi-.  ...  in  RPN. 

240.  e-til-[pi]- (var.  e-te-e[l]- 

. 23,  III,  6),  7,  IV,  18. 

241.  e-til-[pi]- (var.  e-le-e[l\- 

....  23,  III,  7),  7,  IV,  19. 

242.  A-A-NI-...  7,  IV,  20;  23, 

III,  8. 

243.  A-A-tdbat  (?),  “Aa  is  good,” 

7,  IV,  21 ; 23,  1 1 1,  9. 

244.  A-A-ta-[ba-at?],  “Aa  is  good,”7 8 

7,  IV,  22;  23,  III,  10. 

245.  ddn-d , 23,  III,  11.  (Cf. 

Nos.  10-12  and  612.) 

246.  dan-4 ,23,  III,  12. 

247.  dan- ,23,  III,  13. 

248.  u-si- ,s  23,  III,  14.  Cf. 

u - \i  -bi-  turn,  u -{i-  nu  - ru  - 
um,  RPN;  u-^i-'bu-ri-ia-as, 
u-{i-  marduk,  etc.,  in  CPN. 

249.  u-si- ,23,  III,  15. 


1 A gap  of  no  more  than  fifteen  or  twenty  names. 

2 The  value  bad  for  the  first  sign  is  made  certain  by  the  names  which  follow.  Cf.  also 

dBAD  = den-lil  (CT  24,  39  3—1 1 ; Br.  1497)  bad{ha~ad ) =is-tdr  (?)  (PB  336);  BAD  = dsin  (PB 

337).  Here  it  will  probably  refer  to  Enlil. 

3 Same  meaning  as  preceding  one.  Bad  is  another  spelling  for  bad  (cf.  DSG1.  Ill  bad). 

4 Uru.ki  = uru,  Br.895. 

6  Text  7 has  the  gloss:  / hi-bi.  This  is  right,  because  No.  235  is  omitted. 

6 Lord  of  the  mouth  is  . . . Cf.  Ungnad,  Dilbat,  p.  91,  note  3. 

7 Restored  in  analogy  with  the  lists  of  Pt.  II,  where  iab  is  always  followed  by  ta{  = HI)-bu-um. 

8 From  as  11  “to  go  forth?’’  The  verbal  element  might  be  incomplete. 


64  UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


250.  u-si- ,23,  III,  16. 


271.  warad-...1 2 3 4 5  “Servant  of 

2,  IV,  1 ; 3 Rev.  1 , 1 . 

272.  kur-ra- , 3 2,  IV,  2 ; (3,  Rev. 

I,  2). 

273.  kiir-ra-im-kalad  “Kurra  is 

mighty,”  2,  IV,  3;  (3,  Rev. 

1,  3):  39.  II,  i- 

274.  kur-ra-a-gal,  “Kurra  is  strong,” 

2,  IV,  4;  (3  Rev.  1,  4); 

39,  II,  2.  Also  in  DP  1 1 5, 
XIII.  Cf.  lugal-d-gdl,  HPN ; 
dnin-d-gal,  In.  IV,  7557. 

275.  ar-wi-um  (Hyp.)  (var.  ar-pu-.., 

2,  IV,  5;  ar-mu-e-u[m\,b  24, 
Obv.  1),  (3,  Rev.  I,  5); 
39,  II,  3.  Also  in  RPN 
( ar-pi-um );  VS  VIII  6,  23, 
AO  4667  (in  RA  8,  p.  74), 
AJSL  29,  p.  185,  No.  2184, 
etc. 

Cf.  also  ar-pi  (var.  ar-pi-u, 
ar-bu-um),  the  mythological 
king  of  Kish,  HT,  p.  88. 

276.  ar-wi-tum  (Hyp.)6  (var.  ar-mi- 

tum,  24  Obv.  2),  (3,  Rev.  I, 
6);  39,  II,  4.  Also  in  RPN 
(fern.). 

277.  ar-na-ab-tum  (Hyp.),  (3  Rev. 


I,  7);  24  Obv.  3;  39,  II, 
5.  Cf.  ar-na-bu-um,  AJSL 
29,  p.  178,  No.  2495; 
VS  XIII  2 Rev.  6;  ar-na-ba- 
tum,  RPN  (fern.);  VS  VIII 
12,  41. 

278.  ik-bi-el,  “God  has  spoken.” 

(3,  Rev.  I,  8);  (23  IV,  1); 
24  Obv.  4;  39,  11,6.  Also 
GTD  5304  Rev.  I;  TRU 
300,  7. 

279.  ik-bi-^um  (var.  ik-bi-wa-{iim, 

24  Obv.  5),  (3  Rev.  I,  9); 
(23,  IV,  2);  39,  II,  7.  Cf. 
ik-bi-tum,  AJSL  29,  p.  172, 
No.  857. 

280.  ik-bi-lr-ra,  “Irra  has  spoken” 

(var.  ik-bi-d[ir-ra?],  23,  IV, 
3),  (3  Rev.  I,  10);  7,  V,  1; 
(39-  H.  8). 

281.  i-bi-ik-da-gan,  (3  Rev.  I,  11); 

7,  V,  2;  17,  2;7  (23,  IV,  4). 

282.  i-bi-ik-e-a,  (3,  Rev.  1,  12); 

7,  V,  3;  17,  3;  (23,  IV,  5). 

283.  i-bi-ik-'is-tar , (3  Rev.  I,  13); 

7,  V,  4;  17,  4;  (23,  IV,  6). 
Also  in  LAD,  RPN. 

284.  ama-ku-KAL  (Abbrev.).8 9  (3, 

Rev.  I,  14);  7,  V,  5;®  17, 
5!  23,  IV,  7.10 


1 A gap  of  no  more  than  fifteen  or  twenty  lines. 

2 Since  the  rest  of  the  name  is  destroyed,  it  is  impossible  to  decide  whether  the  name  is  to 
be  read  in  Akkadian  or  Sumerian. 

3 Kur-gal,  or  only  kur? , is  a name  of  Enlil  (cf.  DSG1,  p.  127). 

4 Im-kala=aklu:  im-kala{g)-ga=  astn,  isikku,  dannu,  SA1  6309  ff. 

5 Mu-e  for  wu-c>we.  An  interesting  instance  of  the  value  w for  the  letter  in. 

6 Feminine  of  ar-wi-um.  Here,  too,  we  have  the  interesting  interchange  of  in  and  -x.  The 
names  are  probably  Amoritic. 

7 Written  without  determinative? 

8 This  must  be  the  title  of  a goddess.  Cf.  the  other  two  names  of  the  group. 

9 In  7,  1 1,  5 the  sign  ku  is  glossed  ku. 

10  Written  [ ama]-DI-ka!  (scribal  error). 


EDW.  CHIERA A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


65 


285.  ama-SO-GAL-BI  (Abbrev.).1 

(3  Rev.  I,  15):  7,  V,  6; 
23,  IV,  8.2 

286.  ama-A-TU3  (Abbrev.),  (3  Rev. 

I,  16);  7,  V,  7;  (23,  IV,  9). 
Cf.  ama-tu,  HPN. 

287.  ad-da-kal-la 4 “Adda  is  strong” 

(var.  a-ad-da-kal-la,  1 Obv. 
I,  1),  1 Obv.  II,  1 (?); 
3 Rev.  1,  17;  7,  V,  8; 

(23,  IV,  10).  Also  in  SAD, 
GTD,  TD. 

288.  ad-da-dug-ga,  “Adda  is  good” 

(var.  a-ad-da-dug-ga,  1 Obv. 

I,  2),  1 Obv.  II,  2 (?); 
3 Rev.  I,  18;  7,  V,  9.  Also 
in  LAD,  LBD. 

289.  ad-da-gi-na  “Adda  if  true” 

(var.  ad-da-ge-na,  1 Obv. 

II,  3 (?);  3 Rev.  I,  19; 

a-ad-da-gi-na,  1 Obv.  I,  3), 
7,  V,  10. 

290.  dutu-KAM , “Utu  plants,”  1 

Obv.  I,  4 (also  II,  4);  (3 
Rev.  I,  20);  7,  V,  11. 

Also  HPN,  In.  IV  7428. 


291.  dutu-dug,  “Utu  is  good,”  1 

Obv.  I,  5 (also  II,  5);  7, 
V,  12.  Also  in  GTD  5550 
Obv.  I. 

292.  dutu-sar  (var.  dutu-DUN , 7, 

V,  13),  1 Obv.  I,  6 (also 

II,  6). 

293.  en-sibir-ra-su-dii  (translated: 

be-lum  sa  si-bi-ir-ra  su-uk-lu- 
lum,  7,  V,  14),  “The  lord 
who  is  made  perfect  by 
the  tiara”  (var.  en-sibir- 
su-dii,  1 Obv.  I,  7;  also  II, 
7);  7,  V,  14.  Cf.  lugal- 
sibir-{a-gin-su-du.  No.  8 18. 5 6 

294.  en-sibir-ra-tum-ma  (glossed:  sa- 

a-naf  7,  V,  15),  “The  lord 
who  brings  the  (brilliant) 
tiara”  (var.  en-sibir-a^ag- 
tum-ma,  1 Obv.  I,  8 (also 
II,  8);  (12,  1)),  7,  V,  15. 

295.  en-an-na-tum-ma  (glossed:  sa- 

a-na,  7,  V,  16),  (var.  en-men- 
[tum-ma\,  12,  2).  7,  V,  16. 
Also  in  HPN.  Cf.  en-an- 
na-tum,  SAK. 


1 dama-$U-GA  L-BI  = dgu-la,  CT  25,4,2  (PB  227;  Br.  5465;  SAI  3766).  Cf.  also  dingir- 
S0-&AL-BI  in  1 1 1 R 67,  66a  (Br. 13043)  who  is  the  ulug  dgu-la-ge,  CT  24,  36.46  (PB  3157). 

2 Written  ama-SU-AN-[BI]  (very  probably  a scribal  error). 

3 Probably  to  be  pronounced  amedu,  or  emedu.  Amcde~me~du)  TU—ilitti  btti,  VR  29,  69g 
(Br.  5460);  ama-A-T U(a~ma~e~du)  = i[litti  biti]?,  HR  32,  52c  (SAI  3772). 

4 Adda  “Father”  is  an  appellative  of  some  god.  The  writing  a-ad-da  for  ad-da  is  here 
irregular.  While  Sb  93  gives  both  the  values  ad  and  a-ad  for  the  sign  AD,  in  the  Nippur  school 
texts  the  form  a-ad-da  is  used  exclusively  in  connection  with  Akkadian  names.  This  proves  that 
a-ad-da  was  already  used  as  the  proper  name  of  a god,  probably  rfIM.  In  Pt.  II,  25  we  have  a 
list  of  Akkadian  names  composed  with  a-ad;  but  before  finishing  the  list  the  scribe  decided  for 
a better  spelling  and  contined  with  a-ad-da.  Cf.  a-ad-a-bi  in  HPN. 

5 Du  = kalalu,  su-du=suklulu  (Br.  9142,  7221).  Notice  the  interchange  of  du  and  dit. 
Gtssibir  = sibirru  (Br.  8849)  and  sirritu  (Br.  8848,  SAI  6605);  s‘^sibir-su-du  = makaddu  (Br.  8852); 
in  the  variant  of  No.  295  men=agu  "crown,  tiara.” 

6 1.  e.  Another  (form  of  the  preceding  name). 


66 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


296.  ma-a-ge-es-ge-ti(l ) (translated: 

as-sum-ia  li -,1  7,  V,  17),  “May 
he  live  for  my  sake”2  (var. 
ma-ge-es-ge-ti(l),  12,  3),  7,  V, 
17.  Cf.  as-su-mi-ia-li-ib-lu- 
ut,  CBS  419. 

297.  ma-a-ge-es-ge-sa(g)  (glossed : li- 

7,  V,  1 8) , “May  he  be 
prosperous  for  my  sake" 

(var.  ma-ge-es- , 12,  4), 

7,  V,  18. 

298.  ma-a-ge-es-ga-ma-ti(l ) (glossed: 

li-,  7 , V,  19),  “May  he  live 
for  me  for  my  sake"  (var. 
ma-ge- . . . . , 12,  5),  7,  V, 

19. 

299.  nin-sa(g)-ga,  “The  compas- 

sionate lady,”  7,  V,  20. 
Also  in  LAD;  ST  I 23,  Obv. 
VII,  3. 

300.  nin-iu{d)-da , “The  child  bear- 

ing lady,”3 4  7,  V,  21. 

4 

311.  tu-li-id-^samsi^si)5  7,  VI,  1. 

312.  tu-li-id-ga-ga ,6  7,  VI,  2. 

313 -am?-i-li,  7,  VI  3. 


314 -di?  (translated:  a-wi- 

lum),  7,  VI,  4. 

313 (translated:  a-wi-li 

rdbi),  7,  VI,  5. 

316 a,  7,  VI,  6. 

( . . . hi-pu-u  7,  VI , 

7)-7 

322.  . . .-li?-bur?-an?-[ni?],  4,  IV,  1. 


323.  uru-silim,  “The  city  of  peace,”8 

4,  IV,  2 ; 6 Obv.  1 . 

324.  uru-silim-mu,  “The  city  of  my 

peace,”  (2,  V,  1 ) ; 4,  IV,  3 ; 
6 Obv.  2. 

323.  uru-silim- gal,  “The  city  of 
great  peace,”  (2,  V,  2); 
4,  IV,  4;  6 Obv.  3. 

326.  e-ki-bi  (Abbrev.),9  2,  V,  3: 
4,  IV,  5 ; 6 Obv.  4.  Also 
GTD,  5340  Rev.  5:  5573 

Rev.  2:  HPN;  In.  IV  7438. 
Cf.  e-ki,  In.  II  908,  2892; 
Nic.;  CB,  etc.;  ki-bi,  Nic.; 
e-gi-bi  VS  I X 199,  15:  e-gi-ba, 
TNB;  e-ki-bi- gi,  DP  112, 
XIII;  LC;  e-ki-bi-ge,  TSA ; 
ST  I. 


1 The  sign  li-  ...  in  the  translation  simply  shows  the  verb  to  be  in  the  praecative.  The 
three  verbs  are  probably  to  be  completed;  li-ib-lnt,  li-tib,  li-ib-lut. 

2 These  three  names  are  translated  in  GT,  p.  43.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  they  are 
remarkably  similar  to  the  invocations  of  the  old  Babylonian  letters.  Cf.  as-sum-mi-i-a  li-ba-al- 
li-du-ka,  BL  27,  7-8;  as-sum-ia  da-ri-is  u-mi-im  li-ba-al-li-du-ka,  ibid.  3,  6-7;  cf.  also  2,  5-6; 
4,  5-6;  1 1,  5-7;  16,  5,  etc. 

3 Cf.  dama-tu-ud-da  = belit  i-li,  CT  24,  13.34  (PB  230). 

4 A gap,  probably  no  longer  than  two  or  five  names. 

6  The  two  names  are  Amoritic.  Cf.  p.  39.  Notice  that  dSamsi  is  a feminine  deity. 

6 On  the  goddess  Gaga,  cf.  No.  331  and  note. 

7 A gap,  which  is  probably  very  small. 

8 To  be  connected,  in  meaning  at  least,  with  uru-sa-lim,  u-ru-sa-lim,  “Jerusalem”?. 

9 The  first  sign  is,  in  all  probability,  e.  In  both  texts  2 and  4 this  seems  to  have  been  written 
over  an  erasure,  and  appears  like  ka  = babu.  No.  6 has  e-DI-bi,  certainly  a scribal  error.  In 
VR  44,  39c  the  name  den-lil-nibruki -ki-bi- ge  is  translated:  dEn-lil  ni-ib-bu-ru  ana  as-n-su  te-u, 
“Enlil.  restore  Nippur  to  its  place!”. 


EDW.  CHIERA — -A  SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


67 


327.  um-ki-bi  (Abbrev.),  “(God,  re- 

store) the  city  to  its  place!’’ 
2,  V,  4;  4,  IV,  6;  (6  Obv.  5). 
Also  in  HLC;  HPN ; In.  II 
686,  750,  752,  etc. 

328.  sa?-ki-bil  (Abbrev.),  “From  its 

place.  ...,’’  2,  V,  5 ; 4,  IV, 
7;  (6  Obv.  6). 

329.  nu-ur-d  da-gan,  “The  light  of 

Dagan,’’  2,  V,  6;  (4,  IV, 

8) :  6 Obv.  7.  Also  in 
TD. 

330.  nu-ur-is-tar,  “The  light  of 

Ishtar,”  2,  V,  7;  (4,  IV,  9); 
6 Obv.  8;  23,  V,  1 . Also 
in  RPN ; TD;  BB;  GTD. 

331.  nu-ur-d  ga-ga,2  “The  light  of 

Kaka”  (var.  nu-ur-ga-ga,  4, 
IV,  10;  nu-ur-dka-ka,  6 Obv. 

9) ,  2,  V,  8;  23,  V,  2.  Cf. 
Nos.  46-48  and  CPN,  p. 
168. 

332.  a-li-a-hu-u-a,  “Ali  is  my 

brother,”3  2,  V,  91;  (4,  IV, 


1 1);  6 Obv.  10;  (7,  VI,  8); 
23.  V,  3d 

333.  a-lt-a-hu-sa,  “Ali  is  her  brother” 

(var.  a-lt-a-hu-u-sa ,4  2,  V, 

10),  4,  IV,  12;  6 Obv.  1 1 ; 
(7,  VI,  9);  23,  V,  4.  Also 
in  LBD.  Cf.  a-lt-a-hu-ni 
AO  4670  (in  RA  8,  p. 
78);  a-lt-a-hu,  Man.  A 10, 
25- 

334.  a-li-a-bu-sa,  “Ali  is  her  father,” 

2,  V,  1 1 ; (4,  IV,  13);  6 Obv. 
12;  (7,  VI,  10);  23,  V,  5. 
Cf.  a-li-a-bi  (fern.)  RPN, 
SAD. 

335.  nin-gar-gal  (Abbrev.),5  2,  V, 

12;  (4,  IV,  14).6 

336.  nin-tu(r)-tu(r ) (Abbrev.),7  2, 

V,  13;  4,  IV,  1 5 -8  Also  in 
HLC.  Cf.  nin-tur,  DP 
112,  VII;  Nic.  6 Obv.  VII, 
7- 

337.  nin-ki-ma-sa(g)  (Abbrev.),8  2, 

V,  14;  (4,  IV,  16).6 


'The  first  sign  might  be  TE-\-GUN U =u-ru  “subtum”  (cf.  DSG1,  p.  50). 

2 The  goddess  dGA-GA  (glossed  ka-ka)  has  been  identified  with  Ninkarrak  (CT  25,  3,  55.) 
and  with  Nin-subur  (CT  24,  20.21);  cf.  also  PB  424. 

Her  name  is  written:  (1)  d ga-ga  (cf.  above).  (2)  ga-ga,  in iu-li-id-ga-ga,  No.  312;  SU-ga-ga,  TD 
60,  Rev.  8;  ga-ga-da-nu-um,  PSBA  33,  pi.  47,  No.  30,  19.  CBS  1243;  (fern.)  ga-ga-da-ni-tum,  CPN 
p.  168;  BA-sa-ga-ga,  ST  1,  65  Rev.  4.  (3)  dka-ak-ka,  in  i-din-dka-ak-ka,  LC.  (4)  ka-ak-ka  in 

i-din-ka-ak-ka,  RA  4,  pi.  32.  (5)  dka-ka,  above  and  PB  [642. 

3 Discussion  of  the  element  a-ll  will  be  given  in  Pt.  II,  in  connection  with  the  lists  com- 
pounded with  it. 

4 In  texts  2 and  23  the  sign  RI  is  written  instead  of  HU.  This  is  remarkable,  since  in  No.  2 
the  error  occurs  twice. 

5 Or,  nin-dur-gal?  This,  and  the  following  two,  are  names  of  goddesses. 

6 This  whole  group  has  been  omitted  in  7,  VI  and  23,  V.  In  the  latter  text  we  have  in  its 
place:  geme-sa(g)-ga,  geme-ka(l)-la  and  geme-seg  which,  in  the  other  texts,  correspond  to  Nos. 
360,  359  and  361. 

7 Cf.  nin-tu(r)-tu(r)-ri=belit  ilani  (CT  24,  25.81a;  PB  2743). 

8 Cf.  dki-sa(g)  = dam-bi-sal  ( i . e.  d I D)  (PB  1762,  1535). 


68 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


338.  mi-gir-an-ni,  “Be  favorable  to 

me!”1  (var.  mi-gir-AN , 7, 
VI,  II),2  2,  V,  15;  23,  V, 
9- 

339.  mi-gir- , 2,  V,  16.  Cf. 

mi-gir-den-lil,  LBD,  23,  8. 
19.  20. 

340.  mi-gir- , 2,  V,  17. 

341.  sir?-bur?-la?kt-ki-dug 3 4 (transl. 

a-lum  ta-bu),  “Shirpurla  is  a 
good  place,”  7,  VI,  14. 

342.  nrikl-ki-dug,  “Ur  is  a good 

place,”  2,  V,  18;  (3  Rev. 

II,  1);  7,  VI,  15.  Cf. 

urikl-ki-dug,  GTD  4690  Obv. 
3;  urik,-ki-dug-mu,  TRU 
338,  5;  uru-ki-dug,  In.  II 
89c. 

343.  sir-bur-la-ki-a^ag-ga  (transl. 

a-lum  el-lum,  7,  VI,  16), 
“Shirpurla  is  a pure  place” 

(var.  ur[i- 2,  V,  19; 

a{ag- 3 Rev.  II,  2), 

7,  VI,  16. 


344.  amar-ki-a^ag-ga  (transl.  a-ram 

dMAR?-TU,i  7,  VI,  17), 
“The  wild  goat  of  the  pure 
place,”5  (3  Rev.  II,  3);  7, 
VI,  17.  Cf.  amar-ki,  TSA 
44,  1 , 5 ; lugal-amar-a^ag, 

CB. 

345.  amar- da-mu  (transl.  bur-da- 

mu,  7,  VI,  18),  “The  wild 
goat  of  Damu,”  (3  Rev. 
II,  4);  7,  VI,  18.  Also  in 
SAD  96,  28. 

346.  amar^'suba6  (transl.  bur-sin, 

7,  VI,  19),  “The  wild  goat  of 
Sin,”  3 Rev.  11,5;  7,  VI,  19. 
Also  in  BAD.  Cf.  amar- 
suba,  TD;  In.  I 1206;  ST 
II;  amar-suba,  GTD  5498 
Rev.  I,  5319  Obv.;  RTCh 
332,  II,  2;  TSA  (written: 
bur-ninni-{d) . 

347.  d-^i{d)-da7  (Abbrev.)  (transl. 

a dsamas,  a-hu-lap  ki-nim, 
7,  VI,  20),  “The  woe  of  the 


1 If  we  consider  an-ni  as  the  pronominal  suffix  of  the  first  pers.  sing.,  mi-gir  is  a verbal  form 
from  maga.ru,  but  we  should  expect  mu-gur-an-ni  (Ip.)  or  im-gur-an-ni  (Prt.).  If  mi-gir  be 
considered  a noun  or  an  adjective,  the  an-ni  probably  means  “Anu,”  or  “of  Anu.”  The  follow- 
ing two  names  could  then  be  completed:  mi-gir -e-a,  mi-gir  A-I M . The  lecture  mi-gir-ilu-ni  is 
probably  to  be  discarded. 

2 7,  VI,  12  has  here  . . . hi-bi.  The  traces  preceding  the  word  hi-bi  cannot  be  those  of  the 
numeral,  which  would  be  here  expected.  The  line  is  probably  to  be  restored:  1 mi-gir  hi-bi, 
i.e.  one  of  the  names  beginning  with  mi-gir  is  destroyed. 

3 The  identification  of  the  name  Shirpurla  is  rendered  more  probable  by  the  gloss  a-lum 
which  also  recurs  in  7,  VI,  15. 

4 ‘The  wild  goat  of  Amurru?”.  The  sign  MAR  is  not  regularly  inscribed:  it  might  be 

ba?-as-tu. 

6 In  VR  51,  53*  the  king  is  called  amar-silam  (Br.  2672)  -a^ag-ga-dm = sar-ru  bu-ur  lit-ti 
elliti(-ti),  which  Delitzsch  translates  "Glanzendes  Wildkuh-Junges,  d.  i.  herrlicher  junger 
Wildstier”  (DSG1,  p.  260). 

6 Written  amar-ZA-USLAN -\-GUNU.  For  the  reading  suba  cf.  Thureau-Dangin,  In.  I, 
p.  13,  note  1,  and  SAI  9017,  9018. 

7 In  this  and  in  the  following  two  names  the  sign  A is  glossed  a. 


EDW.  CHI  ERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


69 


true  one  . ...,1 2  (3  Rev. 

11,6);  7,  VI,  20.  Also  in 
HLC,  HPN,  In.  II  782, 
857,  910.  Cf.  a-hu-la-ap- 
dsamas,  CBS  98. 

348.  a-dnanna  (Hyp.)  (transl.  a 

sin,  a-hu-lap-sin,  7,  VI,  21), 
“The  woe  of  Nanna..,” 
(3  Rev.  II,  7);  7,  VI,  21. 

349.  a-lu-bad 2 (Abbrev.)  (transl. 

a-hu-lap  we-di-im,  a-hu-lap 
mi-ti-im,3 4 5 6 7  7,  VI,  22),  “The 
woe  of  the  dead  one 
(3  Rev.  II,  8);  7,  VI,  22. 

350.  lugal-gaba-ri-nu-tu(gu ) (transl. 

sar-rum  sa  ma-hi-ra  la  [i}~ 
su-u,  7,  VI,  23),  “The  king 
who  has  no  rival,”  (3  Rev  1 1, 
9);  7,  VI,  23.  Also  in  LAD. 

351.  [lugal]-im-ri-a  (glossed:  sa- 

[a-na\p  7,  VI,  24),  (3  Rev. 
II,  10);  7,  VI,  24.  Cf. 
lugal-im-ru-a,  In.  IV  7279 
and  ST  II. 


352.  lugal-an-[nif  3 Rev.  II,  11. 

353.  EZEN-a-...,  3 Rev.  II,  12. 

354.  EZEN-a-dug-[ga?],  3 Rev.  II, 

13- 

355.  EZEN-su-d[u?],  3 Rev.  II,  14. 

356.  ka-ga-af  (var.  ga-e-ga-ag,  3 

Rev.  II,  1 5),  4,  V,  1 . 

357.  ka-ga{f)-gu-na 7 (var.  ga-e-ga- 

ag-gu-na,  3 Rev.  II,  16),  4, 
V,  2. 

358.  ka-ma-ni-{i ,8  3 Rev.  II,  17; 

4,  V,  3.  Also  ST  I,  GTD 
5496  Obv.  12;  TSA;  Nic., 
etc.  Cf.  ka-ma-an-ni-{i , SA 
211  (in  RA  9,  p.  62),  CB; 
and  ka-ma-ni-{i,  DP  141,  I, 
142  IV,  pass. 

359.  geme-ka(l)-la,  “The  strong 

Woman,”  3 Rev.  II,  19; 
4,  V,  4;  23,  V,  7.9  Also  in 
LAD  94,  IV,  14. 

360.  geme-sa(g)-ga,  “The  compas- 

sionate Woman,”  3 Rev. 
II,  >8;  4-  V,  6;10  23,  V,  6.9 


1A=ah,  an  exclamation  of  sorrow  and  distress.  A-hu-lap  is  used  as  a noun,  and  means 
probably  "Woe,  lament.”  Cf.  a = ndku  "Howl,  lament”  (Br.  3981,  11348),  and  a-a  = naku  (SA1 
4753)  and  probably  nesn  (CT  18  43,  39b,  SAI  1091  1).  Cf.  also  DSG1.  under  a.B  and  note 
ibid.  p.  2. 

2 The  sign  glossed  bad  is  very  similar  to  SA,  but  may  be  another  one. 

3 IVe-di-im  and  mi-ti-im  must  have  the  same  meaning,  since  both  of  them  correspond  to  the 
same  ideograph.  Cf.  discussion  in  Pt.  II  (glossary). 

4 The  gloss  is  to  be  restored  according  to  7,  V,  15-16.  But  for  this,  the  name  could  very 
well  have  been  translated  "The  king  of  the  storming  wind.”  Here  it  will  probably  mean  "The 
king  who  goes  by  himself.” 

5 Restored  according  to  Pt.  Ill  No.  265. 

6 A name  of  a god;  cf.  the  two  names  following.  Remark  in  the  variant  the  interchange 
of  the  letters  k and  g.  On  this  cf.  also  the  word  se-ir-ka-an-dug  in  DSG1,  p.  263. 

7 I am  assuming  the  value  ga  for  the  sign  GAR,  in  order  to  bring  the  variants  in  accord. 
Cf.  following  note. 

8 To  be  read  ka-ma-ni-p  or  ga-ma-ni-p,  and  not  enim-ma-ni-p.  This  is  deduced  from  the 
preceding  names.  There  is  a god  dka-ma-ni-p,  II 1R  68,  3 1 h (Br.  705)  and  CT  24,  7,  21.24. 
(SAI  99),  ZA  10,  298,  51  (PB  1645).  In  CT  24,  7,  23  d[KA]-...  . ,-na  might  be  identified  with 
ka-ga{r)-gu-na,  since  he  is  the  brother  of  dka-ma-ni-p . 

9 In  different  setting. 

10  In  this  text  No.  361  precedes  360. 


70 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Also  in  ST  1 23,  Obv.  VI 1, 
14;  DP  129,  VI.  Cf.  geme- 
sa(g),  Nic.  1 Rev.  Ill,  11; 
6 Rev.  V,  3;  lugeme-sa(g)-ga, 
DP  157,  VI 1 1 . 

361.  geme-sega,  “The  favorable 

Woman,”1  3 Rev.  11,  20; 
4,  V,  5 ;2  23,  V,  8. 3 4 * 

362.  dit(g)-ga-dba-u  (Abbrev.),  “The 

command  of  Bau”  (var. 
du(g)-ga-d  a-ma-ma,  42  Obv. 
1 ),  3 Rev.  1 1 , 2 1 ; 4,  V,  7.  Also 
in  HPN;  In.  II,  830.  Cf. 
dug-ga,  SA  187  (in  RA  9, 
p.  61);  dug-ga-ana,  AO  3322 
Obv.  1 1 (in  RA,  5,  82). 

363.  dn(g)-ga-'lsarad  3 Rev.  II,  23P 

4,  V,  8;6  (42  Obv.  2). 

364.  du(g)-ga-^i{d)-da,7 8  “The  stand- 

ing command,”  3 Rev.  II, 
22;  4,  V,  9;  42  Obv.  3. 
Also  GTD  5504  Rev.  11, 
1;  HPN;  TRU;  In.  II, 
940,4130;  IV,  7523;  ST  II. 

365.  KUR-kn  (var.  [KUR}-ku,  3 

Rev.  II,  24),  4,  V,  10; 
42  Obv.  4. 


366.  KUR-’i-i  (var.  KUR-’i-TUR  * 

4,  V,  1 1),  3 Rev.  II,  25. 

367.  KUR-bu-ium,  4,  V,  12.  Cf. 

KUR-bi,  RA,  3,  p.  134,  5. 

368.  a-mur-den-lil,  “Look,  O En- 

lil  !”9 10  4,  V,  13.  Cf.  a-mur- 
d sin,  TD. 

369.  a-mur-be-lt,  “Look,  O my 

lord!”  4,  V,  14.  Also  Bu. 
91-5-9,  858  1.  21  (in  CT, 
8,  3')- 


10 

375  -ma? , 2,  VI,  1 . 

376  -gal,  2,  VI,  2. 

377  -an-na,  2,  VI,  3. 

378  -ka?(sag?),  2,  VI,  4. 

379  -lu?-sa,  2,  VI,  5. 

380  -a?-hu-um,  2,  VI,  6. 


381.  [i a]- din -is -tar,  “Ishtar  has 

given,”  2,  VI,  7. 

382.  [t]a-din-a-ba,  “Aba  has  given,”11 12 

2,  VI,  8. 

383.  ta-din-nu-nu,  “Nunu  has 

given,”  2,  VI,  9.  Cf.  ta- 
ad-di-in-nu-nu,  RPN  (fern.); 
ta-di-in-nu-nu,  BL. 

384.  SU-nu-nu,n  2,  VI,  10.  Also 


I Sega  ( = A-AN),  a different  writing  for  se-ga. 

3 In  this  text  No.  361  precedes  360. 

3 In  different  setting. 

4 dLAGAB  + IGI-GUNU  has  the  phonetic  value  d\ sara . Cf.  A.  T.  Clay:  Miscellaneous 

Inscriptions  in  the  Yale  Babylonian  Collection,  p.  87  No.  in. 

6  In  text  3 it  appears  written  like  du(g)-gadNIN. 

6 Placed  before  du(g)-ga-^i(d)-da. 

7 Cf.  the  EM  E-SAL  u-mu-un  dug-ga  {i{d)-da  VAT  1338  Col.  II,  40  (VS  II,  5),  and  also 
No.  342  where  ii{d)-da  is  translated  diamal. 

8 Probably  there  is  no  variant  here.  Either  this  is  a scribal  error,  or  the  reading  of  text  3. 

9 Another  possible  translation  is  “I  look  upon  Enlil.”  Cf.  Nos.  85-87. 

10  A gap,  which  may  be  of  only  two  names. 

II  Cf.  da-ba  K 4349  Q,  9 (in  CT  24,  46).  Notice  that  Aba  is  a feminine  deity,  and  cf.  Nos. 
129-130. 

12  For  gimil-nunu? . But  here  the  phonetic  value  is  probably  su,  as  shown  by  KU-nu-nu 
in  TC.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  to  be  remarked  that  there  may  be  a similarity  in  meaning  with 
the  names  of  the  preceding  group. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


71 


Bu.  88-5-12,  681  1.  18  (in 
CT  IV,  45).  Cf.  Nos. 
52-54  and  KU-nu-nu  TC 
6 Obv.  11,3. 

385.  SU-ki-nu-um,  2,  VI,  11. 


386.  . . ,-ki-ir-dma-ma,1  2,  VI,  12. 

387 -dma-mi-tum,  2,  VI,  13; 

(3  Rev.  Ill,  1).  Colophon: 

d EL  T EG-^ag-sal.2 


Additional  Fragments  of  the  First  Tablet  of  the 

Syllaba  ry 


391 . NE- ,24,  1,2. 

392.  NE- ,24,  I,  3. 

393.  UN?-?- , 24,  I,  4. 


394  -ri,  61  Obv.  2. 3 

395  -la-li-ri-ik,  61  Obv.  3. 

396.  [p]a-al-ha-am-ri-ig-mi,  61 

Obv.  4. 


397.  isib-sig ,4  61  Obv.  5. 

398.  isib-sig-gan,  61  Obv.  6. 

399.  isib-dnidaba ,5 6  “The  libation 

priest  of  Nidaba,”  61  Obv.  7. 
Also  RTllh  156,  1,6;  B1191- 
5-9,  589,  1.  10  (in  CT  1,  1) 
HPN  ( = me+). 


Second  Tablet  of  the  Syllabary 


400.  ba[a-.  . ./  33,  I,  1.  Cf.  ba-a-a, 

HLC;  ba-a-da,  In.  II  945; 
HPN;  ba-a-ga,  HPN;  ba-a- 
mu,  TRU  385,  6;  HPN. 

401.  ba-a-[sa{g)-ga?},  (33,  1,2);  45 

Rev.  I,  2.  Also  in  HLC; 
HPN  has  only  ba-sag-ga. 

402.  ba-a-sa(g)-ga-mu,  (33,  I,  3);  45 

Rev.  I,  3;  50,  1. 

403.  e-gir-kalam-ma,  (Abbrev.)  (var. 

e-ga-erem-kalam-ma,  (33,  I, 


4);  45,  Rev.  I,  4-5.  “The 
temple  which  is  the  way  of 
the  land;”  var.:  “The  tem- 
ple which  is  the  food  (milk) 
of  the  people  of  the  land,” 
50,  2;  54,  I,  2. 

404.  e-sag-il-'il?-i  (Abbrev.),  “The 
temple  of  the  lofty  head” 
(var.  e-sag-il-i,  50,  3;  e-sag- 
il-e,  54,  I,  3),  33,  I,  5; 
45  Rev.  I,  6.  Cf.  sag-il- 


1 To  be  restored  su-ki-ir-? . This  seems  to  be  required,  so  as  to  bring  into  relation  the  three 
names. 

2 Concerning  the  colophon,  cf.  p.  19. 

3 Section  394-9  belongs  probably  to  the  first  tablet,  because  the  reverse  of  No.  61  contains 
names  belonging  to  it.  Note,  however,  that  in  text  25  the  obverse  belongs  to  the  second  tablet, 
and  the  reverse  to  the  first. 

4 For  isib,  cf.  following  note.  The  value  sig  is  given  by  the  next  name. 

6 M E-dnidaba  = i-si-ib  ni-da-ba-kn,  82-8-16  I Obv.  28  (Br.  10389). 

6 Is  ba-a  the  name  of  a god?  Cf.  ba=belum,  in  Reisner,  Hymns,  62,  17. 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


ma-an-st,  BL,  and  names 
beginning  with  e-sag-ila  in 
RPN,  p.  21 2,  and  e-sag-ili 
in  CPN,  p.  148. 

405.  e-lu-bi-nu-sub-bu  (Abbrev.), 

“The  temple  which  man 
does  not  tear  down”  (var. 
[e-lu]-bi-nu-sub-bi,  54,  1,  4; 
e-lu-bi-nu-tu(gu)  ,1 2 3 4 *  45  Rev. 
v I,  7).  33>  I.  6;  50.  4- 

406.  U-MA-NA,2  33,  1,  7;  (omitted 

in  45  Rev.  1);  (50,  5);  (54, 
1,  5).  Cf.  U-MA-NI,  SAD 
"7.  39- 

407.  U-MA-DU-DU,  33,  I,  8;  45 

Rev.  I,  8;  (50,  6);  54,  1, 

6.3 

408.  U-NE-TI,  (32,  !,  1);  33,  I,  9; 

45  Rev.  1,  9;  (50,  7); 

(54.  1.  7)- 

409.  mn-gi-a,  32,  1,  2;  33,  I,  io;4 

43  Rev.  1,  10;  50,  8;  (54, 

P 8). 

410.  mu-m-ia,  32,  1,  3;  33,  1,  11; 

45  Rev.  1,ii;  50,  9. 

41  1.  mu-gig-sa  (var.  mu-KAR?-sa, 
33,  1,  12),  32,  I,  4;  45  Rev. 
1,  12. 

412.  e-lii-lag-ldg  (Abbrev.),  “The 
temple  which  gives  light  to 
man,”  32,  I,  5;  33,  I,  13; 
45  Rev.  1,  13;  (62  Obv.  I). 


413.  e-lu-ti(T)-ti(l ) (Abbrev.),  “The 

temple  which  gives  abundant 
life  to  man,”  32,  1,  6; 

(33,  1,  14);  45  Rev.  I,  14; 
62  Obv.  2.  Cf.  nin-lu-ti(l)- 
ti(l),  DP  mi,  IV;  Nic.  6 
Rev.  IV,  13;  ST  1;  HPN; 
TSA ; nin-lugal-ti(l)-ii(l), 
RT  llh  162,  II,2o;  dun-gi-li- 
ST  11. 

414.  e-lu-ti(l ) (Abbrev.),  “The  tem- 

ple which  gives  life  to  man,” 
32,  1,  7;  45  Rev.  I,  15; 
62  Obv.  3.  Also  in  LAD; 
LBD;  HPN  ( e-gdl-til );  ST 
II;  In.  11,  938;  IV,  7307. 
Cf.  e-lii,  In.  IV,  7369. 

415.  K A-E?-GA-A B-K A L,b  32,  I, 

8;  45  Rev.  I,  16;  62  Obv.  4. 

416.  KA-KA-LA L?-BI , 32,  1,9:45 

Rev.  1,  17;  62  Obv.  5. 

417.  KA-MU-[R]I?-A  (var.  KA- 

MU-RI-GA,  45  Rev.  I,  18), 
(32,  I,  10);  62  Obv.  5. 

418.  dba-u-nin-seg,  “Bau  is  a com- 

passionate lady,”  32,  1,  1 1 ; 
45  Rev.  I,  19.  Also  in  ST 
II,  47  Obv.  13;  HLC;  HPN; 
In.  II,  923. 

419.  dba-u-ur-mu,  “Bau  is  my  abun- 

dance,”6 32,  I,  12;  (45  Rev. 
1,  20).  Also  in  ST  I,  21 


1 The  name  is  so  very  badly  written  that  it  is  even  uncertain  if  this  is  a real  variant. 

2 These  three  names  are  probably  abbreviated,  and  only  the  verbal  element  is  recorded.  The 
sign  U (to  be  read  sa)  is  the  verbal  prefix  of  the  middle  form,  while  ma  and  ne  are  the  pronominal 
infixes  of  the  first  pers.  sing,  and  the  third  pers.  pi.  Cf.  GT,  p.  87  fF. 

3 The  scribe  probably  wrote  by  mistake  U-MA-DU,  since  there  is  not  enough  space  in  the 
line  for  the  complete  name. 

4 There  might  be  here  a variant:  the  double  sign  I M?  The  text  is  badly  preserved. 

6 Probably  names  of  gods,  phonetically  written. 

6 Better  than  “Bau  gives  abundance.’’  In  personal  names  of  this  and  of  an  earlier  period, 
the  verb  nadanu  would  be  expressed  by  ma-an-si  and,  in  any  case,  we  should  expect  some  verbal 
prefix. 


EDW.  CHI  ERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


73 


Rev.  V,  1 1 ; ST  II;  Nic. 
(fern.);  TSA;  In.  II,  6 1 8. 
Cf.  den-ki-ur-mu  and  dnin- 
gir-su-ur-mu,  Nic. 

420.  dba-u- , (32,  I,  13); 

45  Rev.  II,  1. 

421.  e^en-{i(d)-an-na,  45  Rev.  II, 

2. 

422.  dEN-UM-dninni,1 45  Rev.  11,3- 

a.  EN-UM-dIM, GTD  5514 
Obv.  14;  EN-UM-i-lt,  GTD 
5498  Obv.  II,  6;  LTD 
48,  7. 2 

423.  den-du-mus-an-na,3  “Endu  is 

the  life  of  heaven,”  45  Rev. 
1L  4- 

424.  im-bi-KAL,  45  Rev.  II,  5. 

Cf.  in-bi-i-li-su,  in-bi-ir-si- 
tim,  in-bu-um,  in-bu-sa  in 
RPN;.  im-bu-u-a,  im-bu-uk- 
ki  and  names  in  inbi(u ) in 
CPN. 

425.  im-bi-tum?-ma,  45  Rev.  II,  6. 

426.  . . . -si? , 45  Rev.  II,  7. 

427.  dnin-I B-ba-ni,  “Ninib  is  crea- 

tor,” 45  Rev.  11,8. 

428.  dnin-I B-si?-du,  ‘‘Ninib  is  a 

protecting  god,”  45  Rev. 

II.  9- 


429.  dnin-I B-en-nam,  ‘‘Ninib,  be 

merciful  to  me!”  45  Rev. 
II,  10.4 

430.  a-hi-sa-gt-is ,5  “Ahi  kills,”  37,  I, 

2 ;6  45  Rev.  II,  11.  Also  in 
LAD;  LBD.  Cf.  a-hi-sa- 
gi-is,  LC;  VS  VIII  3,  14. 

431.  a-hi-Ii-bur-ra,  “May  Ahi  make 

me  powerful!”  37,  I,  3; 
45  Rev.  II,  12.7  Cf.  a-hi-li- 
bu-ra,  LC;  a-hi-li-bu-ra-am 
(fern.)  in  CT  6,  25b  (quoted 
in  LC). 

432.  a-hi-ta-bu-um,  “Ahi  is  good,” 

37,  I,  4;  45  Rev.  II,  13. 

433.  nam-nam-tar-ri  (Abbrev.)  (var. 

nam-nam-tar-um,  45  Rev. 
II,  14), 8 “The  fixing  of  the 
fates?”  37,  I,  5.  Cf.  nam- 
tar-ri,  BAD  5,  II,  3;  III,  4; 
6,  1 1,  1 1 ; 8,  1 1,  4;  109,  I,  3; 
nam-fi-tar-ra,  HPN;  lugal- 
nam-tar-ri,  H LC ; SA  D ; dam- 
nam-tar-ri,  In.  IV,  7242. 

434.  nam-mag-ga  (Abbrev.),  “The 

greatness  ...”  (var.  nam- 
mag-AB  ?,  37,  I,  6;  nam- 
mag-{u?-ab? , 33,  II,  1),  45 
Rev.  II,  15.  Cf.  nam-mag, 


1 The  name  is  not  necessarily  complete:  we  may  have  here  another  instance  of  the  liberty 
which  the  pupils  took  in  abbreviating  long  names.  In  the  form  d EN-UM -dninni-an-tia, 
“Ennum  is  the  goddess  of  heaven;”  this  would  be  in  good  relation  with  the  other  two  names 
of  the  group. 

2 To  be  read  EN-UM  and  not  belum(-um),  or  b el-um.  EN-UM-'i-li,  “Ennum  is  god,”  may 
prove  that  EN-UM  was  used  as  the  personal  name  of  a deity. 

3 Cf.  den-du,  CT  24,  3.37  and  den-du,  CT  24,  3.31;  21,  63  (PB,  933). 

4 Traces  of  characters,  in  37,  I,  1 may  point  to  a variant. 

6 This  is  probably  a translation  of  ses-ki-lu(l)-la.  Cf.  note  10  on  page  58. 

6 Written  a-hi-sa-gi  (scribal  error). 

7 Written  a-hi-lil-RA-ra  (scribal  error). 

8 Sic!  We  should  have  expected  ri  instead  of  UM  in  the  last  sign.  Is  this  a scribal  error? 
Cf.  dnam-tar  and  dnam-tar-ru  (Br.  2110,  2117). 


74 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


HLC;  In.  I,  1228;  ST  1; 
nam-mag-ni,  In.  I,  1 105 ;nam- 
mag-ga-ni,  In.  1 1,  619;  nam- 
mag-dba-u,  In.  II,  618. 

435.  nam-tar-ib-gu-U  L,  (32,  II,  1); 

(33,  11,2);  37,  I,  7;1  45  Rev. 
II,  16;  (54,  II,  1).  Also 
in  HPN ; ST  II,  14  Obv. 
II,  7;  49  Rev.  I,  7.  Cf. 
nam-tar-ib-gu,  In.  II,  917. 

436.  arad-mu,2  “The  servant  of 

Mu,”  32,  II,  2;  33,  II,  3; 
37,  I,  8;  45  Rev.  II,  17; 
(54,  II,  2).  Also  in  LBD; 
HPN  {uni-);  TRU,  etc. 

437.  arad-egi,3  “The  servant  of  ‘The 

Princess’  ” (var.  arad-dam, 

32,  II,  3;  37,  I,  9),  33,  II,  4; 
45  Rev.  II,  18;  (54,  II,  3). 
Cf.  arad-dam  in  HLC;  HPN; 
In.  II,  878,  IV,  7608. 

438.  arad-lugal,  “The  servant  of 

‘The  King,’”4  32,  II,  4; 

33,  II,  5;  45  Rev.  Ill,  1; 
(54.  II-  4)- 

439.  li-bur-an-ni 5 (var.  li-bur-ra{!)- 

ni,  33,  II,  6),  32,  II,  7; 
45  Rev.  Ill,  2 ; (54,  II,  5). 


440.  Ii-bur-PA ,6  32,  II,  5;  33,  II,  7; 

43  Rev.  Ill,  3 ; (54,  II,  6). 

441 . li-bur-KU-A  L-T A?  (var.  li-bur- 

gis-bU?-mes?-ga?7  45  Rev. 
IIL4;  li-bur-ra-lu,  32,11,6), 
33-  11,8. 

442.  nu-ur-ku-bi,8 9 10  “The  light  of 

Kubi”  (var.  nu-ur-la-ir,  32, 

II,  8),  33,  II,  9;  45  Rev. 

III, 5.  Cf.  Nos.  46-8. 

443.  nu-ur-a-ba,  “The  light  of  Aba” 

(var.  [nu-ur]-da-ba,  33,  II, 
10),  32,  II,  9;  45  Rev.  111,6. 
Cf.  nu-ur-da-ba-  in  LBD. 

444.  nu-ur-su-nu,  “Their  light,”  32, 

II,  10;  (33,  II,  11);  45  Rev. 

III,  7- 

445.  d -{i-mu  (?),  32,  II,  1 1 ; 

(33,  II,  12) ; 45  Rev.  Ill,  8. 
446 ? 33-  II-  1 3- 


45  1 . dnin- 45  Rev.  Ill,  14. 

452.  dnin-{i?- 45  Rev.  Ill,  >5- 

453.  dma-{i-eris{-is),w  45  Rev.  Ill, 

16. 

454.  nin?-su-ge-ge,  45  Rev.  Ill,  17. 

Also  in  RTCh.  399  Obv.  II, 
35;  TSA;  ST  11.  Cf.  nin- 


1 It  appears  written  as  nam-tar-ib-ge'me.  The  last  wedge  is  probably  the  first  of  the  sign  UL, 
left  incomplete. 

2 Probably  the  name  of  a god,  and  not  “My  servant.”  Cf.  note  6. 

3 Written  SAL-KU.  Cf.  dSAL-KU  (SAI  8411)  and  PB,  2837-40. 

4Cf.  dLUGAL,  PB  1353  ff. 

5 In  texts  32,  33,  45  the  order  of  these  three  names  is  not  the  same. 

6 dPA  =~dNergal  sa  su-u-ki,  CT  24,  41.74:  CT  25,  8.1 1 b;  dPA  —dNabil  sa  Dilmun, 

CT  25,  35  Obv.  2 1 ; 36  Obv.  20.  Cf.  also  PB  2 1 59,  2 160,  2941-3,  3 1 14. 

7 One  would  think  of  Gilgamesh,  but  the  text  is  so  badly  written  that  this  most  interesting 
variant  remains  wholly  uncertain. 

8 Ku-bi  (for  ku-bi)  is,  in  all  probability,  a Sumerian  loan  word. 

Cf.  dKU,  SAI  7499  and  dKU-bu,  1 1 1 R 66  Obv.  13b  (Br.  13457).  In  Akkadian  names  cf. 
ku-bu(um),  ku-bi,  LC  p.  63,  RPN  p.  2 16  and  note  4.  It  is  doubtful  whether  la-ir  may  be  another 
variant  of  the  name  ku-bi. 

9 Four  lines  destroyed.  Cf.  45,  III. 

10  Is  the  sign  MA  a scribal  error  for  nin? 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


75 


su(  = KU)-ge-ge,  ST  I;  DP 

have  been  made  like  water,”5 

116,  11;  117,  11;  In.  IV, 

(37,  n.  3);  38.  1 

1.  2; 

(4'. 

7274;  nin-su-gi-gi,  Nic.  16 

I.  5)- 

Obv.  11,  9;  en-su-gi-gi,  DP 

486. 

dlM-ba-ni,  “1M  is 

creator,” 

132,  1. 

16,  1 ; 37,  11,4; 

38,  1 

II.  3; 

455- 

nin-si{g)-ga-kalama}  45,  111, 

(41,  I,  6). 

18. 

487. 

dIM-na-da,  “1M  is  lofty” 

(var. 

2 

d I M-na-wi-ir,  16, 

2; 

dIM- 

466. 

dna-bi?-um?-[ba-n\i? , “Nabium 

*5- 

"2" 

po 

dIM-ma- 

is  creator,”  38  Rev.  1,  2. 

lik,  41,  I,  7),  37,  I 

I.  5- 

467. 

a-na-lii ,3  38  Rev.  1,3. 

488. 

dIM-na-si,  “IM  is 

exalted” 

468. 

a-na-lu-suku,  38  Rev.  I,  4. 

(var.  [d I M]-ha-{i-ir , 41 , 

1,8), 

469. 

[a-na\-lu-ku? , 38  Rev.  1,5. 

(16,  3);  37,  11,  6; 

38. 

11,4- 

1 

C\ 

00 

*1- 

{a-di,  16,  4;  37,  11 

I.  7; 

(4'- 

480. 

. . . -se?-um,  32,  111,  1 . 

I,  9). 

481 . 

. . . ,-ta?-se?-um,  32,  111,  2; 

490. 

1 a-ra-la , 37,  11,  8. 

(4>.  I,  0- 

491. 

1 a-an-da-la , 37,  1 1,  9 

482. 

mu-us?-mu-na-nu-um  (Hyp.) 

7 

(var -bu-um,  41,  1, 

528. 

gir- 37.  HI  - 2. 

2),  32,  111,  3. 

529. 

gir-a- . . . , 37,  III, 

3- 

Cf. 

483. 

a-dim 1 (Abbrev.),  ‘‘Like  water 

gir-a-N E-KU,  Nic.  1 

Obv. 

. . .,”  32,  IIL4;  (37-  H,  1); 

III,  18;  6 Obv.  1 

:v,  7 

(4'.  1 3)- 

530. 

SES?-KA ,8  37,  111 

. 4; 

(4', 

484. 

a-dim-ba-an-ag-es,  “They  have 

11,  1 ) ; 46,  1 , 1 . 

been  made  like  water,”  32, 

53 1 • 

a-BAR-KA ,9  37,  III 

1,  5; 

(4', 

111,  5;  (37,  11,  2);  38,  11,  1; 

11,2);  46,  1,2. 

(41.  I-  4)- 

532. 

a-BAR-NU-GIRF,  37,  11 

I,  6; 

483. 

a-dim-lii-ba-an-ag-es,  “Men 

(41,  11,  3);  46,  1, 

3- 

1 

Phonetic  writing  for  si{g)-gar?  Cf.  nin- 

■si(g)-gar,  H 

PN,  and  dnin-si{g)-gar-an-, 

na,  PB 

1 2704. 

2 A calculation  with  text  32  as  a basis,  gives  hardly  more  than  nine  lines  missing  for  two 
gaps  (cf.  above,  p.  26  f). 

3 The  three  names  are  Sumerian.  Otherwise,  instead  of  lit  we  should  have  expected  a-wi-U 
(cf.  PPN,  p.  25).  A-na  = minu  (Br.  11434).  Cf.  a-na-gu-UL,  a-na-gu-gu,  a-na-ti,  in  HPN. 

4 In  32,  1 1 1,  4 there  is  an  erasure  between  the  signs  a and  dim.  It  is  probably  the  sign  dim 
which  had  been  written  out  of  place. 

5 A recollection  of  a flood  story?  Ba-an-ag-es  is  the  Indicative,  with  passive  meaning,  of 
the  theme  ba-LAL.  (Cf.  GT,  p.  86  ff.) 

6 Written  tab-ba.  In  this  text  the  order  of  the  last  two  names  of  the  group  is  changed. 

7 Probably  thirty-two  names  are  missing. 

8 The  sign  KA  might  also  be  read  SAG.  but,  since  in  the  following  line  the  last  sign  is  prob- 
ably KA,  and  the  two  names  belong  to  the  same  group,  the  latter  reading  seems  established. 

9 A-BAR-KA=a-hu-. . .,  is-bu-  . .,  ku-pa-.  . na-ha-.  . . in  CT  18,  49.  8-1  ib  (SA1  8773-6). 


76 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


533.  a-iam  (Hyp.),  37.  HI,  T> 

(41,  II,  4);  (46,  I,  4). 

534.  a-ma-{um  (Hyp.),  (41,  II,  5); 

46,  I.  5. 

535.  hu-um-ium  (Hvp.)  41,  II,  6; 

46,  I,  6. 

536.  sar-ru-um-anum,  “Anu  is 

king,”1  41,  11,7;  46,  1,7. 
Cf.  sar-ru-um-i-lt,  SAD; 
TD;  HPN;  TRU  313,  2; 
sa-ru-um-i-li,  In.  II,  645 
pass.]  sa-ar-i-li , In.  IV,  7833. 


537- 

sar-ru-um- 

-e-a,  ‘‘Ea 

is 

king,” 

41 , II, 

8;  (46,  1 

1,  8) 

. Cf. 

e-a-sar-i 

m-um,  RF 

>N. 

vn 

p° 

sar-ru-um- 

-ba-ni,  “T 

he  king  is 

creator, 

” 41,  II 

. 9; 

(46, 

1.9). 

539- 

SU-a-ba,- 

‘‘Aba  has  gi 

iven?” 

41,  II, 

IO;  46,  I, 

3 

10. 

565. 

ba?- 

. , 46,  II, 

1 . 

566. 

i-[li}---.. 

. . . . , 46,  I 

1,  2. 

567. 

i-li- 

. . . , 46,  1 1 

- 3- 

568. 

i-li- 

. . . , (23  Obv.  I 

);  46, 

II,  4. 


569.  mes-ki-ag-an-[na?},  ‘‘The  hero, 

the  beloved  of  heaven?”1 2 3 4 
25  Obv.  2;  46,  II,  5. 

570.  mes-ki-ag-nun-na,  “Hero,  the 

beloved  of  the  highest,”  25 
Obv.  3;  46,  II,  6.  Also  in 
HT,  pp.  89,  1 28. 5 

571.  mes-an-ni-pd(d)-da,  “Hero, 

called  by  Anu,”  25  Obv.  4;  46, 
11,7.  Alsoin  HT, pp. 89,  127. 
372.  si-it-ti,  25  Obv.  5;  46,  11,8. 
573.  si-mi-in-ni  (var.  si-im-mi-in-ni, 
46,  II.  9),  25  Obv.  6.  Cf. 
se-im-mi-i,  BE  XV  6,  6 and 
188,  IV,  23  (CPN). 

374.  si-mu,6  25  Obv.  7;  46,  II,  10. 

575.  ba-al-lum  (Hyp.),7 8 9 10  46,  II,  11. 

Cf.  ha-al-lu(um ) in  RPN. 

576.  ha-al-el,  46,  II,  12. 

577.  ha-la-mu  6 46,  II,  13.  Cf.  ba- 

la-tum,  VS  XIII,  9 Obv.  3. 

578.  dHa-gi?-i-li?  ‘‘Hagi  is  my  god.” 

46,  II,  14. 

10 

604 [den-l\il?,  46,  III,  1 . 

603 -Asm,  46,  111,2. 


1 These  three  names  would  appear  to  be  translations  of  the  Sumerian  lugal-ana,  lugal-e-a 
and  lugal-im-du-a  (cf.  TD  under  sar-ru-um-ba-ni) . This  would  explain  the  variants  i-li  of  No. 
536  and  also  the  fact  that  in  No.  538  sar-ru-um  is  used  as  the  name  of  a god. 

2 Some  sign  might  be  missing  between  a and  ba. 

3 It  is  impossible  to  estimate  exactly  the  length  of  the  gap. 

4 Other  restorations:  dingir-ra  or  d The  name  is  probably  incomplete.  The  value  mes 

is  given  in  Sb  120  (Br.  5952). 

6  This  is  the  name  of  a king  of  the  first  Kingdom  of  Ur,  and  is  the  son  of  M cs-an-ni-pa (d)-da. 
The  fact  that  two  names  of  this  group  are  historical  is  probably  due  to  recollections  and  not 
to  mere  coihcidence. 

6 Cannot  be  read  litn-mu  or  igi-mu,  because  of  the  two  preceding  names. 

7 The  three  names  are  probably  Amoritic,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  ga-la-mu  might 
be  good  Sumerian:  “My  portion.” 

8 There  is  an  erasure  between  the  signs  la  and  mu. 

9 Cf.  dka-gi,  II  R 60,  29a,  and  cf.  note  6 on  p.  69. 

10  A gap,  the  exact  length  of  which  it  is  impossible  to  estimate  with  certainty. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


77 


606.  en-IB  (Abbrev.),1  46,  III,  3. 

607.  en-{u?  (Abbrev.),  46,  III,  4. 

608.  en-KAL,  (Abbrev.),  46,  III,  5. 

609.  inim-dnanna  (Abbrev.),  “The 

word  of  Nanna,’’  46,  III,  6. 
Also  in  LAD,  LBD. 

610.  inim-dninni?  (Abbrev.),  “The 

word  of  Ninni,”  46,  III,  7. 
Also  in  In.  1 1,  855 ; LAD; 
SAD  1 10,  IX,  6;  HPN  (Ka- 
d Innanna) . 

61 1.  inim-den-[lil?\ 2 (Abbrev.),  46, 

111,8.  RPN  (Awat-Bel). 

612.  KAL?-.  ...  ,3 4  46,  IIL9. 


638.  um-mi-[tabat?},5  46,  IV,  2. 

639.  um-mi-ta-[ba-at?],  “ ‘The 

Mother’  is  good,”  46,  IV,  3. 

640.  a-ra-ab- . . . . ,6  46,  IV,  4.  Cf. 

ar-ra-bu,  ar-ra-a-bu,  ar-ra-bi, 
and  (fem.)  a-ra-bu-tum  in 
CPN ; ar-ra-bi-,  TNB. 

641.  a-ra-ab-?- ,46,  IV,  5. 

642.  ha-ab-ru?- . . . .,  46,  IV,  6. 

643.  pu?-un?~ ,46,  IV,  7. 


669.  uru-UN?- , 46,  V,  3. 

670.  uru-UN? -da?- 46,  V,  4. 

671.  dnergal?-ib?-ni? , “Nergal?  has 

created?”,  46,  V,  5. 


672.  dnergal?-a-bi,  “Nergal?  is  my 

father,”  46,  V,  6. 

673.  dnergal?-M E?- . . . . ,7 8 9  46,  V,  7. 

674 46,  V,  8. 

673 -mu,  46,  V,  9. 


726.  geme-da- . . . . , 41,  111,  1.  Cf. 

geme-a-{i-sar-ra,  HLC,  II  pi. 
66,  28,  I,  10. 

727.  geme-a-su?-  . . , “ The  maid 

servant  of  Ashu  . . ,”  41, 
III,  2. 

728.  da-da-a? , 41,  III,  3.  Also 

in  HPN;  TNB.  Cf.  da-da, 
In.  11,4587^^55.;  da-da-a-a, 
In.  II,  4589;  (fem.)  da-da- 
tum, RPN. 

729.  da-da-PI-[N E\,<]  41,  III,  4. 

Also  in  LAD  8 Rev.  9. 
Cf.  da-da-wa-kar,  VS  VIII, 
4,  42;  RPN. 

730.  da-da-ga-m[a-ti(l)\,  “May  Dada 

give  me  life!”  41,  III,  5. 
Also  in  BM  19740,  V,  126 
(in  CT  3,  33);  HPN;  TRU 
9.  5- 

73 1 . ud-ul-lu-u?10 11  4i,III,6.  Also  in 

LBD.  But  cf.  u-du-lu  in 
HPN. 


1 Three  names  of  gods:  cf.  den-zu,  den-kal  (PB  943,  950)  and  also  dI B and  dnin-I B. 

2 Or,  dEN-[ZU]  = “Sin”?. 

3 Cf.  Nos.  10-2,  245-7. 

4 A gap,  the  exact  length  of  which  it  is  impossible  to  estimate  with  certainty. 

6  Cf.  note  7 on  p.  63. 

6 All  the  three  names  are  probably  Amoritic. 

7 The  name  is  to  be  read  in  Akkadian. 

8 It  is  not  certain  whether  the  section  726-731  is  to  be  placed  here  or  in  one  of  the  preceding 
gaps. 

9 Or,  da-da-wa-kar?  But  the  next  name  is  probably  Sumerian,  and  we  expect  here  a name 
of  the  same  language.  Cf.  d DA-DA,  CT  24,  24.69  and  PB  678. 

10  The  sign  UL  is  written  over  an  erasure. 

11  The  section  752-9  might  be  placed  further  towards  the  end  of  the  tablet. 


78 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


752  -ga?]-ma-ti(l),  41,  IV,  1.  815. 

753  -AN-nn,  41,  IV,  2. 

754  -AN-ge,  41,  IV,  3.  816. 

755  -AN-KAB?,  41,  IV,  4. 

756  -AN-GA-TA,  41,  IV,  5.  817. 

757  -SA-GA-TA,  41,  IV,  6. 

758  -£«,  4>-  IV,  7. 

759  41,  IV,  8. 

1 

780.  a-d . . . . , 27  Obv.  I.  Cp.  No.  818. 

00. 

781.  a-lugal- . ...  27  Obv.  2;1 2  37,  V, 

2.  Cf.  No.  349. 

782.  a-gn-.  . .,  27  Obv.  3;  37,  V,  3.  819. 

Cf.  a-gu-gu,  HPN. 


783.  la-te-ni?,  27  Obv.  4;  37,  V,  4. 3 

784.  KA?-a?~ 37,  V,  5. 

4 820. 

814.  {i?- ,62  Rev.  Il,i. 


Other  Fragments  of  the 


900 [-a-ga]-DE,  54,  IV,  1. 

901.  se?-ga?-a-ga-DE,  54,  IV,  2. 

902 -a-ga-DE,  54,  IV,  3.  929. 

7 


928.  lugal-usumgal 8 “ ‘The  King’  is  930. 

the  only  great  one,”  45  Obv.  931. 

1.  Also  in  TD  91  (Seal);  932. 


d gu-silim-dum-ki,5 6 7 8  ‘‘Gu-silim  is 
my  favor,”  62  Rev.  II,  2. 

J gu-silim-mu-da-mi-ik,  ‘‘Gu-si- 
lim  is  favorable, ”62  Rev.  11,3- 
d gu-sili m-m u-tab-bil,  ‘‘Gu-silim 
leads,”  62  Rev.  II,  4.  Cf. 
d Amurru-mu-tab-li , dNusku- 
mu-tab-li,  mu-tab-bil-ilu  and 
ilu-mu-tab-bil  in  CPN. 
]ugal-sibir-{a-g'in-su-du,  ‘‘The 
king  adorned  with  a tiara 
of  lapis-lazuli,”  62  Rev.  II, 
5.  Cf.  Nos.  293-4. 
lugal-dim-gig-bal-lul,  62  Rev. 
11,6.  Cf.  lugal-im , In.  II, 
2932;  lugal-dim-gigsu  (writ- 
ten: lugal-dim-mi-hu) , HPN. 
lugal-A]N?-bal-e,  62  Rev.  II,  7. 


Second  Tablet 

HLC  (gal-usum)]  HPN  and 
ibid.,  p.  130,  note  3,  etc. 
lugal-ni-te-ni,  “ ‘The  King’  is 
the  only  high  one,”  45  Obv.  2. 
lugal-BAR? , 45  Obv.  3. 

-gu?-{a-na-a,  43  Obv.  4. 

-pu?-lum,  45  Obv.  5. 


1 If  the  preceding  sections  are  in  proper  place,  the  gap  is  here  very  small. 

2 A-lugal?-. . .The  text  is  damaged. 

3 LU-DI?-.  . . Very  uncertain. 

4 Calculating  on  the  basis  of  text  37,  there  are  no  more  than  twenty-nine  names  missing 
to  the  end  of  the  tablet.  Of  these,  seven  we  find  in  section  814-820,  and  twelve  are  lacking 
between  820  and  the  end  (cf.  p.  27).  The  gap  is  therefore  of  about  ten  names. 

5 On  ** gu-silim  (written:  KA-DI),  cf.  HR  48,  46e  and  PB  568. 

6 Text  62  has  probably  no  more  than  twelve  lines  missing. 

7 The  next  section  is  a part  of  the  second  tablet,  if  we  may  rely  on  the  fact  that  its  reverse 
contains  names  belonging  to  it. 

8 Written  lugal-gal-usum. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


79 


933  -mn-um,1  43  Obv.  6. 

934  ~i i-nu-u-a , 45  Obv.  7. 

935  -HUL-BE,-  45  Obv.  8. 

936  -um- -um,  45  Obv. 

9- 

937.  [ a-ha-(am)-n\u-ta ,3  “We  have 
found  a brother,”  45  Obv.  10. 
Also  in  RPN;  LC;  PSBA 
33,  pi.  44,  No.  20,20;  CB. 


938.  [a-ha-(am)-a]r-si,  “1  got  a 

brother,”  45  Obv.  11.  Also 
in  RPN,  CB.  Cf.  a-ha-am- 
ir-su,  RPN. 

939.  [a-ha-(am)]-nir-si , “We  got  a 

brother,”  43  Obv.  12.  Also 
in  LAD;  RPN;4  BB.  Cf. 
a-ha-am-ni-er-si,  RPN. 


Fragments  Which  May  Belong  to  Either  of  the 
Two  Tablets 


1022 

965. 

if-kur-anum,  “Anu  has  called,” 

11,  1. 

IO23 

966. 

i 

1 

1 

‘Ea  has  called,”  1 1 , 

2.  Also 

in  RPN;  CPN. 

IO24 

967. 

i{-kur-d  I M , 

“Im  has  called,” 

11,  3- 

IO25 

968. 

AB?-ZU?-NA-UG-GA ?,6  11,4. 

969. 

. . ,-AB-na- 

11,  5 . 

IO5I. 

970. 

. . ,-bi-de-? . 

. . , 11,6. 

IO52 

IO53 

991. 

HI - 

, 13.  1 - 

992. 

HI-n?-.  . . 

. . .,  13-2. 

IO79. 

993. 

HI-n-.  . . . 

■ 13.  3- 

IO80. 

994- 

ur-ki- . . . ,6 

>3,  4- 

I08l  . 

995. 

ur-ki-.  . . , I 

3>  5- 

1082. 

996. 

ur-ki- 

, 13,  6. 

geme-nanna,  “The  maid  ser- 
vant of  Nanna,”  15,1. 
ge'me-du[tu\,  “The  maid  ser- 
vant of  Utu,”  1 5,  2. 
ge'me-dma-[ma?},  “The  maid 
servant  of  Mama?,”  15,  3. 
su-mu- , 13,4. 


mu-ru? . . . . , 40,  2. 

mu-ru- , 40,  3. 

si-in-KU?- , 40,  4. 

. . -bur-SIG- 43,  2. 

ki-dg-UR,  43,  3. 

UR-UR,  43,  4. 

GUR-UR,  43,  5. 


1 The  first  element  of  the  names  of  this  group  is  still  preserved  in  the  pupil's  copy,  but  it  is 
too  badly  written  to  be  legible. 

2 The  name  is  Akkadian.  To  be  read  si-ib-bat ? 

3 The  restoration  of  the  first  element  of  these  names  is  made  nearly  certain  by  the  nature 
of  the  second  element.  These  names  also  recur  in  the  same  order  in  the  lists  of  Pt.  II,  Nos. 
1008-10.  In  the  names  of  this  group,  a-bu  probably  refers  to  the  blood  relative.  In  nearly  all 
other  names,  a-bu,  a-bi,  a-bu,  a-bi,  etc.,  are  appellatives  of  gods.  Cf.  discussion  in  Pt.  II. 

4 Under  a-ba-am-kal-lim.  Cf.  Ungnad,  Dilbat,  p.  123. 

6 The  sign  iig  is  that  for  BAD. 

6 Ur-KI?-.  . . Cf.  No.  996. 


80 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  TABLETS1 


Text 

I 


3 


4 


5 

6 


/ 


Plate 

1-2 


3 


4 


5 


5 


6-7 


8-9 


CBS 

5945.  Portion  of  unbaked  tablet.  Three  pieces  joined 
together.  Meas.  96X129X36.  Contents:  Obv. 
Col.  1:  287-294;  Col.  11:  (same  as  Col.  1);  Rev. 
Col.  I:  10-15;  Col.  II:  23-32;  Col.  Ill:  39-50; 
Col.  IV:  60-70.  IV  Exp. 

6388.  Fragment  of  baked  tablet.  Meas.  102X87X38.  Con- 
tents: Col.  1:  21-34;  Col.  II:  63-76;  Col.  Ill: 
114-116;  Col.  IV:  271-275;  Col.  V:  325-342; 
Col.  VI:  375-387.  IV  Exp. 

14120.  Portion  of  a baked  tablet.  Rev.  badly  preserved. 

Meas.  131X95X41.  Contents:  Obv.  given  in 
Pt.  Ill,  Cols.  1 and  11:  1165-79;  Rev.  Col.  1: 
271-290;  Col.  11:  342-366;  Col.  Ill:  387.  IV  Exp. 
6442.  Upper  left  corner  of  large  baked  tablet.  Well  preserved. 

Meas.  63  X 56X27.  Contents:  Col.  1 : 1-14;  Col.  II: 
31-44;  Col.  Ill  destroyed;  Col.  IV:  322-337; 
Col.  V:  356-369.  IV  Exp. 

6383.  Lower  portion  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  51X62X21. 

Contents:  Col.  I:  8-17;  Col.  II:  32-37;  Col.  Ill: 
38-47;  Col.  IV:  59-69;  Col.  V:  85-96.  IV  Exp. 

1 3573  + 1 3578+  '3586+  1 3604+  1 3622+1 3630+  1 3639+ 13641  + 
13648+13674.  Many  fragments  joined  together. 
Unbaked.  Meas.  158X115X32.  Contents:  Obv. 
323-334;  Rev.  Col.  1:  4-30;  Col.  II:  32-58;  Col. 
Ill:  60-85;  Col.  IV:  86-1 1 1.  IV  Exp. 

1783  + 12609.  Two  fragments  of  well-baked  tablet  joined 
together.  Upper  part  also  published  in  E1GT  No. 
154.  Meas.  1 1 3 X 1 1 1 X28.  Contents:  Col.  1 : 43-92; 


1 Measurements  are  given  in  millimeters,  length  X width  X thickness.  Whenever  tablets  or 
fragments  vary  in  size,  the  largest  measurement  is  given.  CBS  = Number  of  the  Catalogue  of 
the  Babylonian  Section.  The  expression  “Obv.  not  inscribed”  is  to  be  understood:  “The 
extant  part  of  the  Obverse  is  not  inscribed.”  The  numbers  refer  to  the  Transliterations  and 
Translations  given  on  pp.  49-79. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


81 


Text 

Plate 

CBS 

Col.  11:  103-13 1 ; Col.  Ill:  198-200;  Col.  IV: 

233-244;  Col.  V:  280-300;  Col.  VI:  311-6,  332-4, 
338,  341-5 1 . 11  Exp. 

8 

8 

5925- 

Fragment  of  half-baked  tablet.  Meas.  53X49X21. 
Contents:  Obv.  Col.  1:  67-74;  Col.  11:  102-106. 
Rev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

9 

8 

6477. 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  5 1 X49X24.  Obv. 
not  inscribed.  Rev.  32-41.  IV  Exp. 

IO 

8 

5955- 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  41  X62  X2 1 . Obv. 
List  of  names  with  determinative  “kul”  (not  pub- 
lished). Rev.  Col.  1:  72-75;  Col.  11:  93-96. 

IV  Exp. 

1 1 

9 

2141. 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  65  X54X29.  Obv. 
not  inscribed.  Rev.  Col.  1 : 965-970.  I Exp. 

12 

10 

6396. 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  57X47X36.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  294-298;  Rev.  not  published  (cf. 
below.  List  of  Duplicates).  IV  Exp. 

>3 

IO 

59 66. 

Fragment  of  baked  tablet.  Meas.  47X35  X 1 1 +.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  991-996;  Rev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

•4 

10 

5923. 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  45  X36X20.  Con- 
tents: Rev.  destroyed;  Obv.  Col.  1:  7-10;  Col.  11: 
29-31.  IV  Exp. 

15 

IO 

5994- 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  48X  53  X23.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  1022-1025;  Rev.  Sumerian  Primer 
(not  published).  IV  Exp. 

16 

IO 

5847. 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  48X 59X20.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  486-489;  Rev.  Sumerian  Primer  (not 
published).  IV  Exp. 

17 

IO 

5904. 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  75X63X31.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  281-284;  Rev.  Syllabary  (not  published). 
IV  Exp. 

18 

IO 

9782. 

Round  Tablet,  copied  from  plaster  cast.  Original  in 
the  Imperial  Ottoman  Museum.  Meas.  Diam.  72; 
Thick.  7.  Contents:  Obv.  cf.  No.  32;  Rev.  not 
inscribed.  11  Exp. 

19 

I I — I 2 

00 

O 

Portion  of  baked  tablet.  Several  pieces  joined  together. 
Meas.  162X65X45.  Contents:  Obv.  to  be  given 
in  Pt.  II  Nos.  869-86.  Rev.  Col.  I:  40-52;  Col.  11: 
59-76;  11  Exp. 

82 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Text  Plate  CBS 

20  13  5814+6445+6446.  Three  fragments  of  baked  tablet  joined 

together.  Obv.  of  only  one  fragment  (5814)  is 
preserved.  Meas.  115X95X35.  Contents:  Obv. 
to  be  given  in  Pt.  11  Nos.  1029-36;  Rev.  Col.  1: 
4-14;  Col.  II:  19-30;  Col.  Ill:  33-36.  IV  Exp. 


2 1 

13 

5843. 

Fragmentof  half-baked  tablet.  Meas.  41  X77X22.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  not  inscribed;  Rev.  Col.  1:  38-40; 
Col.  II:  55-59;  Col.  Ill  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

22 

>4 

0 

T* 

00 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  80X65  X30.  Con. 
tents:  Obv.  to  be  given  in  Pt.  11  Nos.  763-8;  Rev. 
Col.  1:  46-53;  Col.  II:  68-77.  IV  Exp. 

23 

>4 

6457- 

Portion  of  baked  tablet.  Meas.  63  X 58X30.  Contents: 
Col.  I destroyed;  Col.  11:  197-209;  Col.  Ill: 

235-250;  Col.  IV:  278-287;  Col.  V:  330-338; 
Col.  VI  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

24 

'5 

5906. 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  72 X57X30.  Con- 
tents: Obv. 275-279;  Rev.  Col.  1:  391-393;  Col.  11 
destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

2? 

O 

59 1 5 - 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  72X70X35.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  568-574;  Rev.  Col.  1:  44-51;  Col.  II: 
66-75.  IV  Exp. 

26 

16 

5840. 

Left  upper  corner  of  unbaked  tablet.  Crumbling. 
Meas.  54X53X24.  Contents:  Obv.  to  be  given  in 
Pt.  Ill  No.  13  ff;  Rev.  20-26.  IV  Exp. 

2? 

16 

5973- 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  53X52X26.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  780-783;  Rev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

28 

16 

1 2667. 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  58X46X31 . Con- 
tents: Obv.  51-57;  Rev.  destroyed.  11  Exp. 

29 

16 

DO 

^1 

0° 

Fragment  of  half-baked  tablet.  Meas.  70X68X30+. 
Contents:  Obv.  Col.  1:  28-31;  Col.  II:  49-52; 
Rev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

30 

16 

xn 

CO 

vp 

Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  60X44X32.  Obv. 
List  of  names  with  determinative  “gis”  (not  pub- 
lished). Rev.  83-89.  IV  Exp. 

3' 

>7 

5935- 

Fragmentof  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  73X85X28.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  destroyed;  Rev.  Col.  I:  31-36;  Col.  II: 
56-64;  Col.  Ill:  85-89.  IV  Exp. 

32 

'7 

5922. 

Portion  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  1 12  X 109X36.  Con- 

tents:  Obv.  not  inscribed;  Rev.  Col.  1:  408-420; 
Col.  II:  435-445;  Col.  Ill:  480-485.  IV  Exp. 


i8 

18 

>9 

■9 

20 

20 

20 

20 

21 

2 I 

2 I 

2 I 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


83 


CBS 

6391.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  80X63  X32.  Obv. 

not  published:  it  contained  personal  names,  but 
badly  preserved;  contrary  to  the  usual  practice,  it 
was  written  on  the  right  side  of  the  tablet.  Rev. 
Col.  I:  400-413;  Col.  11:  434-446;  IV  Exp. 

3849.  Lower  left  corner  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  78X81X7. 

Contents:  Obv.  destroyed;  Rev.  Col.  I:  83-94; 
Col.  11:  116-124.  IV  Exp. 

5871.  Fragment  of  half-baked  tablet.  Meas. 66X70X36.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  189-196;  Rev.  Syllabary  (not  published). 
IV  Exp. 

6656.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  85  X64X40.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  List  of  names  with  determinative 
“kus”  (not  published);  Rev.  Col.  I:  124-139;  Col. 
1 1 : 160-167.  IV  Exp. 

5889.  Fragment  of  a baked  tablet.  Meas.  86X  54X30.  Con- 
tents: Col.  1:  429-437;  Col.  11:  483-491;  Col.  Ill: 
528-533;  Col.  IV  destroyed;  Col.  V:  780-784. 
IV  Exp. 

5832.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  42  X66X28.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  to  be  given  in  Pt.  11  Nos.  1308-12;  Rev. 
Col.  I:  466-469;  Col.  11:  484-488.  IV  Exp. 

6655.  Fragment  of  baked  tablet.  Meas.  32X47X11.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  destroyed;  Rev.  Col.  I:  231-235; 
Col.  II:  273-280;  Col.  Ill  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 
5912.  Fragment  of  baked  tablet.  Meas.  33X30X12  + . 

Contents:  Obv.  105 1 — 1053 ; Rev.  destroyed.  IV 
Exp. 

3845.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  52  X64X36.  Con- 
tents: Col.  I:  481-489;  Col.  11:  530-539;  Col.  Ill: 
726-731;  Col.  IV:  752-759.  IV  Exp. 

5989.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  52  X60X20.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  362-365;  Rev.  Col.  I destroyed; 
Col.  1 1 : 19-22.  IV  Exp. 

5985.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  58X70X38.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  1079-1082;  Rev.  List  of  names  with 
determinative  “ gis”  (not  published).  IV  Exp. 

5876.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  55  X66X23.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  16-20;  Rev.  Sumerian  Primer  (not 
published).  IV  Exp. 


84 

Text 

45 

46 

47 

48 

40 

5° 

5' 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Plate 

22-23 

24 

25 

25 

25 

26 

27 

27 

28 

28 

28 

28 

29 


CBS 

5933.  Unbaked  tablet.  Fragmentary.  Meas.  138X111X33. 

Contents:  Obv.  928-939;  Rev.  Col.  1:  400-419; 

Col.  11:  420-437;  Col.  Ill:  438-455.  IV  Exp.  Cf. 
Photograph  on  PI.  34-5. 

10065  + 11075.  Portion  of  baked  tablet.  Meas.  80X112X31. 

Contents:  Col.  1:  530-539;  Col.  11:  565-578; 

Col.  Ill:  604-612;  Col.  IV:  638-643:  Col.  V: 
669-675.  11  Exp. 

5813.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  72  X68X2  1 . Con- 
tents: Obv.  to  be  given  in  Pt.  II  Nos.  461-2,  430-3. 
Rev.  Col.  I:  1-5;  Col.  11:  55-59.  IV  Exp. 

5981.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  55  X47X22.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  120-124;  Rev.  Fist  of  phrases  composed 
with  “gar”  (not  published).  IV  Exp. 

6374.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  56X44X36.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  Lexicographical  material  (not  published). 
Rev.  Col.  I:  34-41;  Col.  II:  46-50.  IV  Exp. 
6657.  Unbaked  tablet.  Very  fragmentary.  Meas.  141 X 
111X32.  Contents:  Obv.  402-410;  Rev.  contained 
personal  names,  but  so  badly  written  as  to  be  unread- 
able. IV  Exp. 

5830.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  58x85  X30.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  not  inscribed;  Rev.  Col.  I:  16-22; 
Col.  1 1 : 38-43.  IV  Exp. 

6401.  Fragment  of  baked  tablet.  Meas.  61X45X28.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  164-168;  Rev.  Col.  1:  128-130;  Col.  II: 
193-199.  IV  Exp. 

5851.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  62X59X32.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  to  be  given  in  Pt.  Ill  No.  9 ff. 
Rev.  Col.  1:  39-44;  Col.  II:  54-59.  IV  Exp. 
5818.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  64X67X33.  Con- 
tents: Col.  I:  403-408;  Col.  II:  435-440;  Col.  Ill 
destroyed;  Col.  IV:  900-902.  IV  Exp. 

5970.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  46X50X26  + . 

Contents:  Obv.  Col.  I:  39-43;  Col.  11:  57-60. 
Rev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

5850.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  3 1 X47X20.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  destroyed;  Rev.  1-3.  IV  Exp. 

5964.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  65X51  X31.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  destroyed;  Rev.  58-63.  IV  Exp. 


F.DW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


85 


Text 

58 

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 


Plate  CBS 

29  5888.  Portion  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  149X56X46.  Con- 

tents: Obv.  230-238;  Rev.  Sumerian  Primer  (not 
published).  Cf.  Photograph  on  PI.  36.  IV  Exp. 
29  5861.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  98X57X26.  Con- 

tents: Obv.  130-136;  Rev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 
30-31  13566+13581  + 13598+13640+13649+13675.  Unbaked  tablet. 

Fragmentary.  Meas.  146X  1 1 5 X32.  Contents:  Obv. 
to  be  given  in  Pt.  Ill  Nos.  542-53.  Rev.  Col.  I: 
70-87;  Col.  11:  90-108;  Col.  Ill:  109-125;  Col.  IV: 
128-139.  IV  Exp 

32  5936.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  112X67X33. 

Contents:  Obv.  394-397;  Rev.  Col.  1:  43-54; 
Col.  11:  64-72.  IV  Exp. 

33  3925.  Fragment  of  baked  tablet.  Meas.  44X44X30.  Con- 

tents: Obv.  412-417;  Rev.  Col.  1 destroyed; 

Col.  II:  814-820.  IV  Exp. 

33  5811.  Fragment  of  baked  tablet.  Meas.  92X68X24.  Con- 

tents: Obv.  cf.  p.  17;  Rev.  Col.  I:  51-52;  Col.  11: 
74-82.  IV  Exp. 


86 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


DUPLICATES  NOT  PUBLISHED1 


CBS 

3959.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  42  X22  X 1 3.  Contents:  Obv. 

List  of  names  with  determinative  “kus” ; Rev.  27-31.  I Exp. 
5809.  Fragment  of  half-baked  tablet.  Meas.  80X48X3 1 . Contents:  Obv. 

mostly  destroyed:  contained  mixed  personal  names;  Rev.  Col.  I: 
4-16;  Col.  II:  38-48.  IV  Exp. 

5845.  Small  fragment  of  a large  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  35  X 33  X 1 2.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  11-15;  Rev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

5883.  Unbaked  tablet.  Badly  weathered.  Meas.  1 1 3 X 58X35.  Contents: 

Obv.  Lexicographical  material.  Rev.  Col.  1:  100-1 13;  Col.  11 
destroyed.  iV  Exp. 

5916.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  58X56X24  + . Contents:  Obv. 

Col.  1:  49-54;  Col.  II:  72-78;  Rev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

5956.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  52  X 58X34  + . Contents:  Obv. 

Col.  L:  33-37:  Col.  IF:  53-55.  Rev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 
5963.  Lower  part  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  80 X 105  X 30.  Contents:  Obv. 

Sumerian  primer;  Rev.  Col.  I:  61-64;  Cols.  II  and  111  marked 
out  but  not  inscribed.  IV  Exp. 

5965.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  72X69X25.  Contents:  Obv. 

not  inscribed;  Rev.  (originally  of  three  or  four  columns)  Col.  F: 
1-9;  Cols.  I F-I I F destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

5967.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Badly  preserved.  Meas.  41  X30X20  + . 

Contents:  Obv.  60-64;  Lev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

5975.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  52  X 5 1 X26.  Contents:  Obv. 

Col.  I:  2-6;  Col.  II  destroyed.  Rev.  List  of  temples. 

6380.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  64 X 53 X 24.  Contents:  Obv. 

Lexicographical  material.  Rev.  Col.  I:  12-19;  Cols.  1 1 — I V 
destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

6387.  Fragment  of  a large,  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  79X66 X 32.  Contents: 
Obv.  1-6;  Rev.  Syllabary.  IV  Exp. 


1 1 have  not  published  those  texts  which  offer  no  variants,  and  which  cannot  be  used  in 
solving  the  many  difficulties  presented  by  the  published  texts.  Most  of  these  tablets  are  not  well 
preserved  or  very  badly  written.  Note  that  only  the  First  Tablet  of  the  Syllabary  is  repre- 
sented in  these  duplicates.  For  the  Second  Tablet,  the  scarcity  of  texts  has  obliged  me  to 
publish  them  all  irrespective  of  their  condition. 


EDW.  CHIERA — A SYLLABARY  OF  PERSONAL  NAMES 


87 


CBS 

6389.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  82  X44X22  + . Contents:  Obv. 

63-68;  Rev.  destroyed.  IV  Exp. 

6390.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  73  X62  X27.  Contents:  Obv. 

(first  two  columns  destroyed)  Col.  F:  45-53;  Col.  IF:  63-65; 
Rev.  not  inscribed.  IV  Exp.  Cf.  Photograph  on  PI.  37. 

6396.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  57X47X36.  Contents:  Obv. 

published,  No.  12,  PI.  10;  Rev.  Col.  1:  36-37;  Col.  11:  54-58. 
IV  Exp. 

6444.  Fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  48X47X2 1 . Contents:  Obv. 

List  of  names  with  determinative  “kus”;  Rev.  85-90.  IV  Exp. 
6657.  Unbaked  tablet.  Very  fragmentary.  Meas.  141  X 11 1 X32.  Con- 
tents: Obv.  published,  No.  52,  PI.  26;  Rev.  Col.  1 : 1-10;  Col.  11: 
16-28;  Col.  Ill:  30-42;  Col.  IV:  48-58.  The  tablet  is  so  badly 
written  that  even  the  division  of  the  columns  is  uncertain. 
IV  Exp. 

1 1070.  Fragment  of  an  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  74X60X30.  Contents: 

Obv.  not  inscribed.  Rev.  Col.  I:  1-7;  Col.  II:  16-18.  II  Exp. 
12682.  Small  fragment  of  unbaked  tablet.  Meas.  50X  1 5 X 16+.  Contents: 
Obv.  349-355;  Rev.  destroyed.  II  Exp. 


CBS 

1 783 

2I4I 

3^45 

3849 

3925 

3959 

5809 

5810 

581  ! 

5813 

5814 

5818 

5830 

5832 

5839 

5840 

5843 

5845 

5847 

58?0 

5851 

5861 

5871 

5876 

5878 

5883 

5888 

5889 

3904 

5906 

5912 

59'5 

59i6 


UNIVERSITY  MUSEUM — BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


IMBERS  OF  THE  CATALOGUE  OF  THE 
BABYLONIAN  SECTION 


Text  or  Page 

7 

1 1 

41 

34 

62 

p.  86 
p.  86 

19 

63 

47 

20 

54 

5' 

38 

30 

26 

2 1 

p.  86 

16 

56 

53 

59 

35 
44 
20 

p.  86 

58 

37 

■7 

24 

40 

25 

p.  86 


CBS 

5922 

5923 
592  5 
5933 

5935 

5936 
5945 
5948 
595  5 
5956 

5963 

5964 

5965 

5966 

5967 

5970 

5973 

5975 

5981 

5985 

5989 

5994 

6374 

6380 

6383 

6387 

6388 

6389 

6390 

6391 
6396 
6401 
6442 


Text  or  Page 

32 

•4 

8 

45 

3' 

61 

1 

22 

10 

p.  86 
p.  86 

57 

p.  86 

13 

p.  86 


55 


43 

42 

•5 

49 

p.  86 

5 

p.  86 

2 

p.  87 
p.  87 

33 

12  and  p.  87 
52 
4 


CBS 


6444 

6445  + 

6446  + 
6457 
6477 
6653 

6656 

6657 
9782 
IO065  + 

1 IO7O 

I IO75  + 
12609  + 
12667 
12682 
13566  + 
'3573+  | 
13578+ 
13581  + 
13586+ 
13598  + 
13604+ 
13622  + 
13630+  ; 

13639  + 

13640  + 

13641  + 

13648  + 

13649  + 

1 3674+ 

13675  + 

14120 


Text  or  Page 


p.  87 

(20) 

(20) 

23 

9 

39 

36 

26  and  p.  87 
18 

46 

p.  87 
(46) 

(7) 

28 
p.  87 
60 
6 

(6) 

(60) 

(6) 

(60) 

(6) 

(6) 

(6) 

(6) 

(60) 

(6) 

(6) 

(60) 

(6) 

(60) 

3 


AUTOGRAPH  PLATES 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  I 


1 


OBVERSE 

Col . 1 


Col.  2 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  II 


REVERSE 

Col.  3 Coi.  2 


CNJ 


Ld 

co 

X 

uJ 

> 

CD 

O 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


CO 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  V 


4 


5 


OBVERSE 

Col.  1 Col.  2 Col.  3 


Col  . 6 


Col.  5 


Col.  4 


OBVERSE 

Col  . 1 Col.  2 


BABYL.  PU3.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  VI 


6 

OBVERSE 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  VII 


6 


Col.  4 


REVERSE 

Col.  3 


Coi.  2 


Col  . 1 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  VIII 


7 

Col.  1 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


7 


PLATE  IX 


REVERSE 


Col.  6 


Col.  5 


Col.  4 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 

12 


13 


14 


PLATE  X 


OBVERSE 


OBVERSE 


OBVERSE 


OBVERSE 


OBVERSE 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XI 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XII 


19 


REVERSE 

Col.  2 Coi  t 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XIV 


22 


OBVERSE 


Coi  2 REVERSE 


23 


OBVERSE 


REVERSE 


Coi  2 


Col  3 


10 


Coi.  5 


I 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XV 


24 


OBVERSE 


' REVERSE 


REVERSE 


Col.  2 Col  1 


PLATE  XVI 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 

26 

OBVERSE 


27 

OBVERSE 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XVII 


31 

REVERSE 


REVERSE 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XVIII 


33 


REVERSE 


Col.  2 Col.  1 


REVERSE 

Col.  1 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XIX 


35 


OBVERSE 


5 


5 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


X 

X 


BABYL  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXI 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXII 


45 

OBVERSE 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXI 1 1 


45 


REVERSE 


Col  . 3 


Col.  2 


Col.  1 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


46 


PLATE  XXIV 


OBVERSE 


COL.  6 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXV 


47 

OBVERSE 


48 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXVI 


50 

OBVERSE 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXVII 


51 


OBVERSE 


REVERSE 

Coi . 2 Col.  1 


PLATE  XXVIII 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 

53 


54 


OBVERSE 


OBVERSE 

Col  . 1 


Cot.  2 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXIX 


57 

REVERSE 


babyl.  pub.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


plate  XXX 


60 

OBVERSE 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXXI 


60 


REVERSE 


Col.  4 


Col.  3 


Coi . 2 


Col.  1 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI  PLATE  XXXII 


10 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  Xi 


PLATE  XXXIII 


OBVERSE 


62 


REVERSE 


63 


OBVERSE 


Coi.  2 REVERSE 

Col  . i 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  REPRODUCTIONS 


BABYL,  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXXIV. 


45 


OBVERSE  OF  A SCHOOL*  EXERCISE  SHOWING  THE  TEACHER'S 
MODEL  AND  THE  ATTEMPT  OF  A PUPIL  TO  COPY  IT 


BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXXV 


45 


REVERSE  OF  THE  PRECEDING  WHICH  IS  THE  WORK  OF 
ANOTHER  PUPIL 


BABYL  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI  PLATE  XXXVI 


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BABYL.  PUB.  UNIV.  MUSEUM  VOL.  XI 


PLATE  XXXVII. 


REVERSE  OF  A SCHOOL  EXERCISE  WITH 
IRREGULAR  DIVISION  OF  THE  LINES 


CBS  6390 


